Ultrasonic touch and force input detection
Touch events can be detected using an ultrasound input device coupled to a surface, such as a surface of a piece of furniture or electronic device. The ultrasound input device can generate ultrasonic waves in the surface, the reflections of which can be measured by the ultrasound input device. When a touch is made to the surface (e.g., opposite the ultrasound input device), the physical contact can absorb some of the energy of the outgoing ultrasonic waves (e.g., the originally transmitted wave and any subsequent outgoing reflections). Energy measurements associated with the measured reflections can thus be used to identify touch events. Various techniques can be used to make the energy measurements and reduce identification of false touch events.
1. A method comprising:
emitting, by a transducer coupled to a first surface of a material layer that has a distance between the first surface and a second surface, an ultrasonic signal directed toward the second surface;
detecting, by the transducer, at least one reflected ultrasonic signal;
determining an amplitude of the at least one reflected ultrasonic signal, wherein determining the amplitude of the at least one reflected ultrasonic signal comprises inputting a negative direct current signal and the at least one reflected ultrasonic signal to an accumulation circuit;
determining the amplitude is less than a threshold associated with a portion of the ultrasonic signal penetrating the second surface; and
when the amplitude is less than the threshold, generating a signal indicating a touch input on the second surface.
2. The method of claim 1 , further comprising:
detecting, by the transducer, at least one additional reflected ultrasonic signal, wherein the at least one additional reflected ultrasonic signal is associated with an echo of the at least one reflected ultrasonic signal;
determining an additional amplitude of the at least one additional reflected ultrasonic signal; and
updating the amplitude by adding the additional amplitude prior to determining the amplitude is less than the threshold.
3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the ultrasonic signal comprises a first frequency and a second frequency, and the method further comprises:
determining a first amplitude associated with the first frequency and a second amplitude associated with the second frequency;
determining the first amplitude and the second amplitude are less than the threshold; and
when the first amplitude and the second amplitude are less than the threshold, generating the signal indicating an input touch on the second surface.
4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the material layer comprises at least one or more of glass, metal, leather, wood, ceramic, plastic, and stone.
5. The method of claim 1 , wherein determining the amplitude of the at least one reflected ultrasonic signal comprises one of:
rectifying and integrating the at least one reflected ultrasonic signal;
accumulating absolute values of the at least one reflected ultrasonic signal; and
squaring and integrating the at least one reflected ultrasonic signal.
6. The method of claim 5 , wherein determining the amplitude of the at least one reflected ultrasonic signal further comprises applying an energy measurement window envelope to the at least one reflected ultrasonic signal.
7. The method of claim 5 , wherein determining the amplitude of the at least one reflected ultrasonic signal comprises accumulating absolute values of the at least one reflected ultrasonic signal, and wherein accumulating absolute values of the at least one reflected ultrasonic signal comprises inputting the negative direct current signal as a negative clocked direct current charge to a switch-capacitor analog accumulator.
8. The method of claim 1 , wherein determining the amplitude of the at least one reflected ultrasonic signal is performed by analog circuitry of an application specific integrated circuit coupled to the transducer.
9. The method of claim 1 , further comprising:
calculating a moving average of the amplitude of the at least one reflected ultrasonic signal; and
calculating the threshold based on the moving average.
10. A method comprising:
emitting, by a transducer coupled to a first surface of a material layer that has a distance between the first surface and a second surface, an ultrasonic signal directed toward the second surface;
detecting, by the transducer, at least one reflected ultrasonic signal;
determining an energy value associated with the at least one reflected ultrasonic signal, wherein determining the energy value of the at least one reflected ultrasonic signal comprises inputting a negative bias current and the at least one reflected ultrasonic signal to an integration circuit;
determining the energy value is less than a threshold associated with a portion of the ultrasonic signal penetrating the second surface; and
when the energy value is less than the threshold, generating a signal indicating a touch input on the second surface.
11. The method of claim 10 , further comprising detecting, by the transducer, at least one additional reflected ultrasonic signal, wherein the at least one additional reflected ultrasonic signal is associated with an echo of the at least one reflected ultrasonic signal, wherein the energy value is further associated with the at least one additional reflected ultrasonic signal.
12. The method of claim 10 , wherein determining the energy value is performed by analog circuitry of an application specific integrated circuit coupled to the transducer.
13. The method of claim 10 , wherein determining the energy value comprises:
rectifying the at least one reflected ultrasonic signal to provide a rectified signal;
integrating a portion of the rectified signal to provide an integrated signal; and
measuring, by an analog to digital converter, the integrated signal to determine the energy value.
14. The method of claim 10 , wherein determining the energy value comprises:
calculating absolute values of the at least one reflected ultrasonic signal;
accumulating the absolute values associated with the at least one reflected ultrasonic signal to provide an accumulated signal; and
measuring, by an analog to digital converter, the accumulated signal to determine the energy value.
15. The method of claim 10 , wherein determining the energy value comprises:
squaring the at least one reflected ultrasonic signal by passing the at least one reflected ultrasonic signal through a self-mixing circuit to provide a squared signal;
integrating the squared signal to provide an integrated signal; and
measuring, by an analog to digital converter, the integrated signal to determine the energy value.
16. The method of claim 10 , further comprising:
calculating a moving average of the energy value of the at least one reflected ultrasonic signal; and
calculating the threshold based on the moving average.
17. A device comprising:
a body comprising an interior surface and an exterior surface;
a transducer coupled to the interior surface;
a circuit coupled with the transducer and configured to:
emit an ultrasonic signal directed toward the exterior surface;
detect, using the transducer, a set of at least one reflected ultrasonic signal;
determine an amplitude of the set of at least one reflected ultrasonic signal, wherein determining the amplitude of the set of at least one reflected ultrasonic signal comprises inputting a negative direct current signal and the set of at least one reflected ultrasonic signal to an accumulation circuit;
determine the amplitude is less than a threshold, wherein the threshold is associated with a portion of the ultrasonic signal penetrating the exterior surface; and
when the amplitude is less than the threshold, generate a signal indicating a touch input on the exterior surface.
18. The device of claim 17 , wherein the set of at least one reflected ultrasonic signal includes a first reflected ultrasonic signal and a second reflected ultrasonic signal, wherein the second reflected ultrasonic signal is associated with an echo of the first reflected ultrasonic signal.
19. The device of claim 17 , wherein the device comprises a mobile phone.
20. The device of claim 17 , wherein the device comprises at least one or more of a steering wheel, an infotainment input, a console control a keypad.
21. The device of claim 17 , wherein the body comprises at least one or more of glass, metal, leather, wood, and stone.
22. The device of claim 17 , wherein the device comprises a robot finger input device.
23. The device of claim 17 , wherein the circuit comprises one or more processors and a memory coupled to the transducer, wherein the memory includes a plurality of instructions for detecting the touch input that, when executed by the one or more processors cause the device to perform the steps the circuit is configured to perform.
24. The device of claim 17 , further comprising an additional transducer coupled to the interior surface, wherein the circuit is further coupled to the additional transducer and configured to:
emit an additional ultrasonic signal directed toward the exterior surface;
detect, using the additional transducer, an additional reflected ultrasonic signal associated with the additional ultrasonic signal;
determine an additional amplitude of the additional reflected ultrasonic signal;
determine the additional amplitude is less than an additional threshold, wherein the additional threshold is associated with a portion of the additional ultrasonic signal penetrating the exterior surface; and
generate the signal indicating the touch input on the exterior surface when the additional amplitude is less than the additional threshold and when the amplitude is less than the threshold.
25. The device of claim 24 , wherein the additional ultrasonic signal has a different frequency than the ultrasonic signal.
26. The device of claim 24 , wherein the transducer and the additional transducer are concentric.
27. The device of claim 24 , wherein the transducer and the additional transducer are coupled to a single circuit board.
28. The device of claim 17 , wherein the transducer is a piezoelectric micromachined ultrasonic transducer.
29. The device of claim 17 , wherein the transducer comprises a plurality of channels including a set of transmitting channels and at least one receiving channel, wherein the at least one receiving channel is positioned between a subset of the set of transmitting channels.
30. The device of claim 17 , wherein the circuit comprises an application specific integrated circuit comprising analog circuitry, and wherein determining the amplitude is performed using the analog circuitry of the application specific integrated circuit.