Apparatus and method for controlling fluid flow
Apparatuses for flowing multiple fluids in a single channel while substantially maintaining fluid separation are disclosed. In one configuration, the apparatus includes a first internal surface portion with an affinity to a first fluid and a second internal surface portion with an affinity to a second fluid. In another configuration, the apparatus includes a first fluid channel portion, a second fluid channel portion wrapped helically around the first fluid channel portion, and an opening therebetween. Also disclosed is an apparatus for maintaining substantially even fluid flow in fluid pathways having a first flow resistor portion, a second flow resistor portion, and a fluid channel therebetween.
1. An apparatus for flowing multiple fluids in a single channel while substantially maintaining fluid separation, comprising:
a fluid channel configured to receive a first fluid and a second fluid,
wherein at least a portion of the fluid channel has a first internal surface portion and a second internal surface portion,
wherein the first internal surface portion is configured to have an affinity to the first fluid and the second internal surface portion is configured to have an affinity to the second fluid, and the first internal surface portion and the second internal surface portion have different fluid affinities,
wherein the at least a portion of the fluid channel, including the first internal surface portion and the second internal surface portion, is configured to maintain substantially stable flow of the first fluid and the second fluid within the at least a portion of the fluid channel; and
wherein the fluid channel is configured to allow equal volumetric flow rates of the first fluid and the second fluid in the at least a portion of the fluid channel, and a relationship between a dynamic viscosity of the first fluid u 1 and a dynamic viscosity of the second fluid u 2 satisfies the condition of u 1 <2 u 2 .
2. The apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein the first internal surface portion is one of oleophobic and hydrophobic, and the second internal surface portion is the other of oleophobic and hydrophobic.
3. The apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein the first internal surface portion is one of hydrophilic and hydrophobic, and the second internal surface portion is the other of hydrophilic and hydrophobic.
4. The apparatus according to claim 1 , further comprising:
a first coating applied to at least a portion of the fluid channel to provide the first internal surface portion; and
a second coating applied to at least a portion of the fluid channel to provide the second internal surface portion.
5. The apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein the at least a portion of the fluid channel has a width w and a height h, and a ratio of the width w and the height h is within a range of 1:2 to 10:1.
6. The apparatus according to claim 5 , the ratio of the width w and the height h is substantially 2:1.
7. An apparatus for flowing multiple fluids in a single channel while substantially maintaining fluid separation, comprising:
a fluid channel comprising:
a first fluid channel portion configured to receive a first fluid;
a second fluid channel portion configured to wrap helically around the first fluid channel portion and configured to receive a second fluid; and
an opening configured to allow for fluid contact between the first fluid flowing through the first fluid channel portion and the second fluid flowing through the second fluid channel portion.
8. The apparatus according to claim 7 , wherein the fluid channel is configured to maintain substantially stable flow of the first fluid and the second fluid within the fluid channel.
9. The apparatus according to claim 7 , wherein the first fluid channel portion is substantially straight.
10. The apparatus according to claim 7 , wherein the first fluid channel portion and the second fluid channel portion each have a substantially circular cross-section.