Methods and systems for degrading downhole tools containing magnesium
A downhole tool comprising magnesium is placed in a well bore in a subterranean formation for performance of a downhole operation. After performance of the downhole operation, rather than mechanically retrieving or removing the tool, at least a portion of the magnesium in the downhole tool is dissolved by contacting the downhole tool with an aqueous ammonium chloride solution.
1. A method comprising:
introducing a downhole tool into a subterranean formation, wherein the downhole tool comprises at least one component made of a standard undoped magnesium alloy having a corrosion rate of less than 200 mpy according to ASTM B 117 salt-spray test;
performing a downhole operation; and
degrading at least a portion of the standard undoped magnesium alloy in the subterranean formation by contacting the standard undoped magnesium alloy with an aqueous ammonium halide solution.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the standard undoped magnesium alloy is selected from the group consisting of: an AZ magnesium alloy comprising about 80% to about 98% magnesium, about 1% to about 13% aluminum, and about 0.1% to about 5% zinc, each by weight of the AZ magnesium alloy; a ZK magnesium alloy comprising about 80% to about 98% magnesium, about 1% to about 12% zinc, and about 0.01% to about 5% zirconium, each by weight of the ZK magnesium alloy; an AM magnesium alloy comprising about 80% to about 97% magnesium, about 2% to about 10% aluminum, and about 0.1% to about 4% manganese, each by weight of the AM magnesium alloy; and any combination thereof.
3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the standard undoped magnesium alloy has a corrosion rate of less than 100 mpy according to ASTM B 117 salt-spray test.
4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the standard undoped magnesium alloy has a corrosion rate of less than 50 mpy according to ASTM B 117 salt-spray test.
5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the aqueous ammonium halide solution comprises ammonium chloride.
6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the aqueous ammonium halide solution comprises from about 1 wt % to about 25 wt % ammonium halide.
7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the aqueous ammonium halide solution comprises from about 1 wt % to about 15 wt % ammonium halide.
8. The method of claim 1 , wherein the aqueous ammonium halide solution has a temperature between about 100° F. and about 180° F.
9. A system comprising: a tool string extending into a wellbore in a subterranean formation; a downhole tool connected to the tool string and placed in the wellbore, the downhole tool comprising a standard undoped magnesium alloy; and a well treatment apparatus configured to provide a first fluid comprising an aqueous based ammonium halide treatment fluid for degrading the standard undoped magnesium alloy.
10. The system of claim 9 , wherein the downhole tool is a wellbore isolation device, the wellbore isolation device being a frac plug or a frac ball.
11. The system of claim 9 , wherein the downhole tool is selected from the group consisting of a mandrel of a packer or plug, a spacer ring, a slip, a wedge, a retainer ring, an extrusion limiter or backup shoe, a mule shoe, a ball, a flapper, a ball seat, a sleeve, a perforation gun housing, a cement dart, a wiper dart, a sealing element, a wedge, a slip block, a logging tool, a housing, a release mechanism, a pumpdown tool, an inflow control device plug, an autonomous inflow control device plug, a coupling, a connector, a support, an enclosure, a cage, a slip body, a tapered shoe, and any combination thereof.
12. The system of claim 9 , wherein the aqueous based ammonium halide treatment fluid comprises ammonium chloride.
13. The system of claim 9 , wherein the aqueous based ammonium halide treatment fluid has an ammonium halide concentration in a range of from about 1 wt % to about 25 wt %.
14. The system of claim 9 , wherein the aqueous based ammonium halide treatment fluid has an ammonium halide concentration in a range of from about 1 wt % to about 15 wt %.
15. The system of claim 9 , wherein the aqueous based ammonium halide treatment fluid has a temperature between about 100° F. and about 180° F.
16. A downhole tool comprising a standard undoped magnesium alloy degradable in an aqueous ammonium halide solution at a temperature between about 100° F. and about 180° F.
17. The downhole tool of claim 16 , wherein the ammonium halide comprises ammonium chloride.
18. The downhole tool of claim 16 , wherein the standard undoped magnesium alloy has a degradation rate of at least about 70 mg/cm 2 /hr in an aqueous ammonium chloride solution.
19. The downhole tool of claim 16 , wherein the standard undoped magnesium alloy has a corrosion rate of less than about 200 mils per year (mpy) according to ASTM B 117 salt-spray test.