Nickel inks and oxidation resistant and conductive coatings
A conductive ink may include a nickel component, a polycarboxylic acid component, and a polyol component, the polycarboxylic acid component and the polyol component being reactable to form a polyester component. The polyester component may be formed in situ in the conductive ink from a polyol component and a polycarboxylic acid component. The conductive ink may include a carbon component. The conductive ink may include an additive component. The conductive ink may include nickel flakes, graphene flakes, glutaric acid, and ethylene glycol. The conductive ink may be printed (e.g., screen printed) on a substrate and cured to form a conductive film. A conductive film may include a nickel component and a polyester component.
1. A method of fabricating a conductive ink, the method comprising:
dispersing a conductive nickel component in a polyol component, wherein the conductive nickel component comprises nickel particles comprising at least one of nickel flakes, nickel nanowires, nickel microwires, or nickel spheres, and the nickel particles comprises nickel oxide on one or more surfaces;
dispersing a polycarboxylic acid component in the polyol component, wherein the polycarboxylic acid component and the polyol component are present in amounts sufficient to react to form a polyester component; and
removing the nickel oxide.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the conductive nickel component comprises nickel particles having a longest dimension in a range of about 100 nanometers to about 50 microns.
3. The method of claim 1 , wherein removing the nickel oxide comprises heating the nickel particles in the presence of the polycarboxylic acid component.
4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the conductive nickel component is present in an amount from 35 weight % to 65 weight % of the conductive ink.
5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the polyol component is present in an amount from 15 weight % to 60 weight % of the conductive ink.
6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the polycarboxylic acid component is present in an amount from 5 weight % to 15 weight % of the conductive ink.
7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the polycarboxylic acid component comprises a dicarboxylic acid.
8. The method of claim 7 , wherein the dicarboxylic acid comprises at least one of a propanedioic (malonic) acid, a butanedioic (succinic) acid, a pentanedioic (glutaric) acid, a hexanedioic (adipic) acid, a heptanedioic (pimelic) acid, a octanedioic (suberic) acid, a nonanedioic (azelaic) acid, a decanedioic (sebacic) acid, an undecanedioic acid, a dodecanedioic acid, a tridecanedioic (brassylic) acid, a tetradecanedioic acid, a pentadecanedioic acid, a hexadecanedioic (thapsic) acid, or an octadecanedioic acid.
9. The method of claim 1 , wherein the polycarboxylic acid component comprises a tricarboxylic acid.
10. The method of claim 1 , wherein the polyol component comprises at least one of a diol, a triol, a tetraol, or a pentaol.
11. The method of claim 1 , wherein the polyol component comprises at least one of glycerin, ethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, polyethylene glycol, propylene glycol, dipropylene glycol, glycol ether, glycol ether acetates 1,4-butanediol, 1,2-butanediol, 2,3-butanediol, 1,3-propanediol, 1,4-butanediol, 1,5-pentanediol, 1,8-octanediol, 1,2-propanediol, 1,3-butanediol, 1,2-pentanediol, etohexadiol, p-menthane-3,8-diol, or 2-methyl-2,4-pentanediol.
12. The method of claim 1 , further comprising adding a solvent.
13. The method of claim 12 , wherein the solvent comprises an alcohol that is not the polyol component.
14. The method of claim 1 , further comprising adding a conductive carbon component.
15. The method of claim 14 , wherein the conductive carbon component comprises at least one of graphene, graphite, carbon nanotubes, or carbon nanofibers.
16. The method of claim 14 , wherein the conductive carbon component comprises graphene flakes.
17. The method of claim 14 , wherein the conductive carbon component is less than 10 weight % of the conductive ink.
18. The method of claim 1 , wherein the conductive ink comprises a viscosity of 5,000 centipoise (cP) to 11,000 cP at a temperature of 25° C.
19. The method of claim 1 , further comprises adding an additive component comprising at least one of a viscosity modifier, a wetting agent, a flow and leveling agent, an adhesion promoter, or a corrosion inhibitor.
20. The method of claim 19 , wherein the additive component comprises a corrosion inhibitor.
21. The method of claim 20 , wherein the corrosion inhibitor comprises at least one of N,N-diethylhydroxylamine, ascorbic acid, hydrazine, hexamine, phenylenediamine, benzotriazole, zinc dithiophosphate, tannic acid, zinc phosphate, or hexafluoroacetylacetone.
22. The method of claim 1 , further comprising mixing the conductive nickel component with mixing media to reduce a nickel component particle size prior to being dispersed in the polyol component.