Method for eliminating runout of braze filler metal during active brazing
Nanometers thick conformal coatings deposited by atomic-layer deposition (ALD) onto the metal surface of an active braze joint modifies the surface chemistry to eliminate excess braze filler metal flow. Unlike other means used to prevent braze filler metal runout, the thin ALD coating does not hinder next assembly processes, does not require post-braze cleaning, and does not alter the base material mechanical properties.
1. A method for eliminating excess runout of braze filler metal during active brazing, comprising:
providing a metal object having a faying surface;
applying a thin conformal coating of a metal oxide to the metal faying surface;
providing a ceramic object having a faying surface;
placing a braze filler metal having an active element between the metal-oxide-coated metal faying surface and the ceramic faying surface to form contacted surfaces; and
heating the contacted surfaces to above the melt temperature of the braze filler metal to actively braze the faying surfaces and form a brazed joint,
wherein the metal oxide coating prevents runout of the braze filler metal beyond the faying surface of the metal object.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the thin conformal coating is applied by atomic-layer deposition.
3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the metal object comprises iron, nickel, cobalt, or alloys thereof.
4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the metal oxide comprises Al 2 O 3 .
5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the braze filler metal comprises the active element and a metal alloy.
6. The method of claim 5 , wherein the active element comprises zirconium, titanium, or hafnium.
7. The method of claim 5 , wherein the metal alloy comprises copper and silver.
8. The method of claim 1 , wherein the ceramic object comprises alumina or aluminum nitride.
9. The method of claim 1 , wherein the thin conformal coating has a thickness of greater than 1 nm.
10. The method of claim 9 , wherein the thin conformal coating has thickness less than about 20 nm.
11. A method for eliminating excess runout of braze filler metal during active brazing, comprising:
providing an alumina object having a faying surface;
applying a thin conformal coating of a metal oxide to the alumina faying surface;
providing a metal object having a faying surface;
placing a braze filler metal having an active element between the metal-oxide-coated alumina faying surface and the metal faying surface to form contacted surfaces; and
heating the contacted surfaces to above the melt temperature of the braze filler metal to actively braze the faying surfaces and form a brazed joint,
wherein the metal oxide coating prevents the active element in the braze filler metal from reacting with the alumina object, thereby preventing runout of the braze filler metal beyond the faying surface of the metal object.
12. The method of claim 11 , wherein the thin conformal coating is applied by atomic-layer deposition.
13. The method of claim 11 , wherein the metal object comprises iron, nickel, cobalt, or alloys thereof.
14. The method of claim 11 , wherein the metal oxide comprises ZrO 2 , TiO 2 , or HfO 2 .
15. The method of claim 11 , wherein the thin conformal coating has thickness of greater than 1 nm.