Inertial pneumatic wave energy device
A buoyant wave energy device is disclosed that incorporates an open-bottomed tube of substantial length in which is partially enclosed a first body of water that oscillates in response to wave action. The device incorporates a buoy to which an upper end of the tube is connected and inside of which is trapped a second body of water of substantial mass. A differential phase in the oscillations of the water trapped in the tube, and the oscillations of the buoy of augmented mass, result in the periodic compression of a pocket of air trapped at the top of the tube, and in the subsequent expulsion of pressurized air through a turbine, thereby generating electrical power.
1. A wave energy to electrical energy converter, comprising:
a buoy adapted to be disposed on a surface of a body of water;
an elongate tubular water-and-air column extending downwardly from the buoy, the elongate tubular water-and-air column including an opening at a lowermost end for ingress and egress of water;
a high pressure accumulator within the buoy and partially filled with water to increase a draft of the converter, the high pressure accumulator formed with an opening adjacent a lowermost end, said opening configured to allow water and air to ingress and egress the high pressure accumulator;
a valve connecting the high pressure accumulator with an upper portion of the elongate tubular water-and-air column;
a duct connecting the high pressure accumulator with a gaseous atmosphere external to the buoy;
a turbine disposed within the duct and driven by air flowing through the duct;
wherein a level of water within the elongate tubular water-and-air column oscillates as waves pass under the buoy, and air in the elongate tubular water-and-air column is driven through the valve into the high pressure accumulator to maintain air flow to the turbine.
2. The wave energy to electrical energy converter of claim 1 , further comprising a nozzle coupled to the high pressure accumulator configured to provide horizontal thrust for navigation.
3. The wave energy to electrical energy converter of claim 2 , further comprising a rudder cooperating with the nozzle for navigation.
4. The wave energy to electrical energy converter of claim 1 , wherein a portion of the buoy is configured to increase a waterplane area of the buoy as a waterline of the buoy is reduced.
5. The wave energy to electrical energy converter of claim 4 , wherein the portion of the buoy is frustoconical having a vertical axis.
6. The wave energy to electrical energy converter of claim 1 , wherein a portion of the high-pressure accumulator surrounds and forms an annular gap with the elongate tubular water-and-air column.
7. The wave energy to electrical energy converter of claim 1 , further comprising computational circuits powered by energy derived from the turbine.
8. The wave energy to electrical energy converter of claim 1 , further comprising a phased array of antennae on an upper surface of the buoy.
9. The wave energy to electrical energy converter of claim 1 , wherein a depth of the opening of the high pressure accumulator establishes a maximum air pressure in the high pressure accumulator.
10. The wave energy to electrical energy converter of claim 1 , wherein the turbine has a resistance that is managed by a control system to establish an amount of air confined by the high pressure accumulator.