Photocatalytic filtration in vehicle HVAC system
A photocatalyst filtration system for a vehicle includes a housing having an airflow path, and a filter configured to filter air flowing in the airflow path, the filter having a first photocatalyst and a second photocatalyst. The system further includes a first ultraviolet (UV) light source disposed proximate the filter and configured to energize the first photocatalyst, and a second UV light source disposed proximate the filter and configured to produce light having a shorter wavelength than light produced by the first UV light source, and configured to energize the second photocatalyst. One of the first photocatalyst or the second photocatalyst is configured to remove odor from the air. The other of the first photocatalyst or the second photocatalyst is configured to remove bacteria from the air.
1. An HVAC system for a vehicle comprising:
a housing;
an evaporator disposed in the housing;
a filter having a filter upstream surface and an opposing filter downstream surface, the filter disposed in the housing upstream from the evaporator, wherein the housing comprises:
a forward wall opposing the filter;
an upper surface formed at an upper periphery of the forward wall;
a lower surface formed at a lower periphery of the forward wall; and
an air inlet formed at a first side wall of the housing between the forward wall and the filter; and
a plurality of UV lightbulbs disposed in the housing upstream and offset from the filter and configured to provide UV-A light and UV-C light to substantially the entire filter upstream surface, wherein a first lightbulb of the plurality of UV lightbulbs is disposed a first offset distance away from the filter and a second lightbulb of the plurality of UV lightbulbs is disposed a second offset distance away from the filter different from the first offset distance, wherein one of the first lightbulb or the second lightbulb is coupled to the forward wall and the other of the first lightbulb or the second lightbulb is coupled to at least one of the upper surface or the lower surface, wherein:
the filter comprises a photocatalyst energized by the UV-A light and the UV-C light on the upstream surface;
the UV-A light is emitted along a UV-A light field toward the filter upstream surface;
the UV-C light is emitted along a UV-C light field toward the filter upstream surface; and
the UV-A light field and the UV-C light field overlap.
2. The system of claim 1 , wherein each of the plurality of UV lightbulbs are substantially parallel to each other and to the filter upstream surface.
3. The system of claim 1 , wherein:
the filter extends laterally in the housing between the first side wall and a second side wall;
the first lightbulb is spaced apart laterally from the first side wall by a first lateral distance;
the second lightbulb is spaced apart laterally from the first side wall by a second lateral distance greater than the first lateral distance; and
the plurality of UV lightbulbs further comprises:
a third lightbulb spaced apart laterally from the first side wall by a third lateral distance greater than the first lateral distance and less than the second lateral distance; and
a fourth lightbulb spaced apart laterally from the first side wall by a fourth lateral distance greater than the second lateral distance.
4. The system of claim 3 , wherein:
the first and second lightbulbs are UV-A lightbulbs; and
the third and fourth lightbulbs are UV-C lightbulbs.
5. The system of claim 3 , wherein:
substantially the entire filter upstream surface is configured to receive UV-A light directly from at least one of the first or second lightbulbs; and
substantially the entire filter upstream surface is configured to receive UV-C light directly from at least one of the third or fourth lightbulbs.
6. The system of claim 3 , wherein:
the first lightbulb spaced apart longitudinally from the filter upstream surface by the first offset distance;
the second lightbulb spaced apart longitudinally from the filter upstream surface by the second offset distance;
the third lightbulb spaced apart longitudinally from the filter upstream surface by a third offset distance; and
the fourth lightbulb spaced apart longitudinally from the filter upstream surface by a fourth offset distance.
7. The system of claim 6 , wherein:
the third offset distance is greater than the first offset distance; and
the third lightbulb is configured to transmit UV light directly to the filter upstream surface at the first side wall.
8. The system of claim 7 , wherein the first lightbulb is not disposed directly between the third lightbulb and the filter upstream surface at the first side wall.
9. The system of claim 6 , wherein:
the fourth offset distance is less than the second offset distance; and
the second lightbulb is configured to transmit UV light directly to the filter upstream surface at the second side wall.
10. The system of claim 9 , wherein the fourth lightbulb is not disposed directly between the second lightbulb and the filter upstream surface at the second side wall.
11. The system of claim 1 , wherein the photocatalyst comprises:
a first photocatalyst configured to be energized by the UV-A light; and
a second photocatalyst configured to be energized by the UV-C light.
12. The system of claim 1 , wherein the filter comprises:
a first layer including the photocatalyst and configured to remove at least one of bacteria or volatile organic compounds from air when it receives at least one of the UV-A light or the UV-C light; and
a second layer including carbon and configured to remove particulate from the air.
13. The system of claim 1 , wherein the photocatalyst comprises between 0.1 and 0.5 g/m 2 of TiO 2 , inclusive.
14. The system of claim 1 , wherein the plurality of UV lightbulbs are disposed in staggered arrangement between an air inlet of the housing and the filter.
15. The system of claim 1 , wherein the first lightbulb is coupled to the upper surface and the second lightbulb is coupled to the lower surface.