Biphenyl compounds useful as muscarinic receptor antagonists
This invention provides compounds of formula I: wherein a, b, c, d, m, n, p, s, t, W, Ar 1 , R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , R 4 , R 6 , R 7 , and R 8 are as defined in the specification. The compounds of formula I are muscarinic receptor antagonists. The invention also provides pharmaceutical compositions containing such compounds, processes and intermediates for preparing such compounds and methods of using such compounds to treat pulmonary disorders.
1. A compound of the formula:
2. A process for preparing a compound of the formula:
the process comprising reacting a compound of the formula:
with a compound of the formula:
in the presence of a coupling agent to form a compound of the formula:
3. The process of claim 2 , wherein the coupling agent comprises 1-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-3-ethylcarbodiimide and 1-hydroxybenzotriazole.
4. The process of claim 2 , wherein the process is conducted in dichloromethane.
5. The process of claim 2 , wherein the process is conducted in dichloromethane and the coupling agent comprises 1-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-3-ethylcarbodiimide and 1-hydroxybenzotriazole.