Wavy multi-component vascular grafts with biomimetic mechanical properties, antithrombogenicity, and endothelial cell affinity
Disclosed herein are novel wavy, multi-component vascular grafts (WMVGs) with a wavy inner layer of rigid biopolymer fibers and an outer layer of elastic biopolymer fibers and a method for preparing WMVGs via electrospinning using a special assembled collector. The fabricated WMVGs closely mimic the non-linear tensile stress-strain relationship of native blood vessels and showed sufficient mechanical strength needed for implantation.
1. A wavy multi-component vascular graft comprising an inner layer comprising
rigid polymer fibers comprising silk and poly (lactic acid) (PLA)-and an outer layer comprising elastic polymer fibers selected from the group consisting of thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU), polyglycerol sebacate (PGS), poly (ester urethane) urea (PEUU), and combinations thereof;
wherein the outer layer provides the outermost surface of the wavy multicomponent vascular graft.
2. The wavy multi-component vascular graft of claim 1 wherein the rigid polymer fibers comprise submicron diameter fibers.
3. The wavy multi-component vascular graft of claim 1 wherein the rigid polymer fibers comprise an average fiber diameter ranging from about 100 nm to about 1000 nm.
4. The wavy multi-component vascular graft of claim 1 wherein the elastic polymer fibers comprise nanoscale diameter fibers and submicron diameter fibers.
5. The wavy multi-component vascular graft of claim 1 wherein the elastic polymer fibers comprise an average fiber diameter ranging from about 50 nm to about 300 nm.
6. The wavy multi-component vascular graft of claim 1 further comprising a biomolecule.
7. The wavy multi-component vascular graft of claim 1 further comprising a cell.
8. The wavy multi-component vascular graft of claim 1 comprising a lumen diameter less than 6 mm.
9. The wavy multi-component vascular graft of claim 1 comprising a wall thickness ranging from about 200 μm to about 500 μm.
10. The wavy multi-component vascular graft of claim 1 comprising a suture retention strength ranging from about 1 N to about 4 N.
11. A method for preparing the wavy multi-component vascular graft of claim 1 , the method comprising:
electrospinning a first solution comprising a water soluble polymer material to form a first water soluble fiber;
collecting the first water soluble fiber on an assembled mandrel that comprises a central tube and a plurality of satellite cylinders surrounding the tube to form a first water soluble fiber layer;
electro-spinning a second solution comprising a rigid polymer material comprising PLA and silk to form a second fiber;
collecting the second fibers on the first water soluble fiber layer to form an inner rigid polymer fiber layer;
electrospinning a third solution comprising an elastic polymer material comprising TPU, PGS, PEUU or a combination thereof to form a third fiber;
collecting the third fibers on the rigid polymer fiber layer on the assembled mandrel to form an outer elastic polymer fiber layer; and
removing the assembled mandrel to form a wavy multi-component vascular graft.
12. The method of claim 11 further comprising removing the water soluble fiber layer.
13. The method of claim 11 wherein the second solution and the third solution have a volume ratio ranging from about 1:2 to about 2:1.
14. The method of claim 11 , wherein the inner rigid polymer fiber layer is modified with a biomolecule.
15. The method of claim 14 , wherein the biomolecule is selected from the group consisting of dopamine, heparin, cell adhesion molecules, growth factors, chemokines, anti-coagulants, and combinations thereof.
16. The method of claim 11 further comprising seeding a cell on the wavy multi-component vascular graft.
17. The method of claim 16 , wherein the cell is selected from the group consisting of an endothelial cell, a smooth muscle cell, a mesenchymal stem cell, a fibroblast cell, and combinations thereof.