Biomimetic virus-based colorimetric sensors

1. A method for detecting a first analyte of interest, said method comprising:

providing a device comprising:

a colorimetric detection layer disposed on a substrate and configured to undergo a color change upon interaction with said analyte of interest, wherein said colorimetric detection layer comprises a first plurality of self-assembled substantially parallel fiber bundles comprising a filamentous member selected from the group consisting of filamentous viruses, filamentous fungi, filamentous bacteria, filamentous polysaccharides, and filamentous polypeptides, wherein said fiber bundles produce coherent scattering of visible light, and wherein at least a fraction of said fiber bundles undergo a structural change from a first conformation to a second conformation upon said interaction with said first said analyte of interest, thereby changing the color of light scattered from said fiber bundles;

a light source configured to illuminate said colorimetric detection layer and produce light scattered from said fiber bundles; and

a detector configured to detect the change in color of light scattered from the fiber bundles and to produce a signal indicating the presence or quantity of said analyte of interest when said analyte is introduced into said device;

contacting said device with said first analyte, wherein said contacting causes at least a fraction of said fiber bundles to undergo said change from said first conformation to said second conformation upon said interaction with said first analyte of interest, thereby producing a change in color of the light scattered from said fiber bundles; and

detecting a change in color of the light scattered from said fiber bundles where said change in color indicates the presence of said first analyte of interest.

2. The method of claim 1 , wherein said first analyte of interest binds with a recognition moiety for said first analyte of interest.

3. The method of claim 1 , wherein said fiber bundle in said second conformation is swollen with respect to said fiber bundle in said first conformation.

4. The method of claim 1 , wherein said first plurality of self-assembled fiber bundles comprises a filamentous phage virus.

5. The method of claim 1 , wherein said first plurality of self-assembled fiber bundles comprises a member selected from filamentous M13 phage, filamentous chitin, filamentous cellulose, filamentous collagen and a combination thereof.

6. The method of claim 1 , wherein said first plurality of self-assembled fiber bundles are deposited on said substrate in a first matrix and in a second matrix.

7. The method of claim 1 , wherein said first plurality of self-assembled fiber bundles is deposited on said substrate in a first matrix and a second plurality of self-assembled fiber bundles is deposited on said substrate in a second matrix, wherein said first matrix differs from said second matrix in a one or more of the following:

(a) the spacing between fiber bundles comprising said first matrix and the spacing between fiber bundles comprising said second matrix; and/or

(b) the identity of said filamentous member of said first matrix and said second matrix; and/or

(c) the degree of elongation of said filamentous member of said first matrix and said second matrix.

8. The method of claim 7 , wherein said first matrix changes to a first color upon interaction with said first analyte, and said second matrix changes to a second color upon interaction with a second analyte, and said first color and said second color are different colors.

9. The method of claim 1 , wherein said substrate comprises a material selected from the group consisting of a metal, an inorganic material, and an organic polymer.

10. The method of claim 1 , wherein said first analyte has a vapor pressure of less than or about 1 Atm.

11. The method of claim 1 , wherein said first analyte has a vapor pressure of more than about 1 Atm.

12. The method of claim 1 , wherein said detection layer further comprises a recognition moiety for said first analyte of interest bound to a member of said first plurality of self-assembled fiber bundles.

13. The method of claim 12 , wherein said recognition moiety comprises an antibody or a carbohydrate.

14. The method of claim 1 , wherein said detector comprises a charge coupled device (CCD).

15. The method of claim 14 , wherein said detector is a component of a mobile device.

16. The method of claim 14 , wherein said detector is a camera component of a mobile device.