Resolution of ordering inversions

1. A system, comprising:

a processor;

a memory on which are stored machine readable instructions that when executed by the processor, cause the processor to:

monitor transaction sequences on a blockchain network;

construct a directed acyclic graph (DAG) based on the transaction sequences;

compute a total order of the transaction sequences from the DAG;

maintain local partial orders in final total orderings of blocks in Merkle DAG data structures; and

resolve transaction ordering inversions from the local partial orders.

2. The system of claim 1 , wherein the instructions further cause the processor to examine a creation order of two blocks with a same consensus timestamp from the Merkle DAG data structures.

3. The system of claim 2 , wherein the instructions further cause the processor to select a block from the two blocks that was created first as the block to be ordered before an other block with the same consensus timestamp to resolve the transaction ordering inversions.

4. The system of claim 3 , wherein the instructions further cause the processor to determine a creation order of the blocks based on creation timestamps of the blocks and based on an index of the blocks when both blocks are created by a same node.

5. The system of claim 3 , wherein the instructions further cause the processor to determine a creation order of the blocks by a path from one block to the other block.

6. The system of claim 1 , wherein the DAG reflects temporal transaction relationships.

7. A method, comprising:

monitoring, by a node, transaction sequences on a blockchain network;

constructing, by the node, a directed acyclic graph (DAG) based on the transaction sequences;

computing, by the node, a total order of the transaction sequences from the DAG;

maintaining, by the node, local partial orders in final total orderings of blocks in Merkle DAG data structures; and

resolving, by the node, transaction ordering inversions from the local partial orders.

8. The method of claim 7 , further comprising examining a creation order of two blocks with a same consensus timestamp from the Merkle DAG data structures.

9. The method of claim 8 , further comprising selecting a block from the two blocks that was created first as the block to be ordered before an other block with the same consensus timestamp to resolve the transaction ordering inversions.

10. The method of claim 9 , further comprising determining a creation order of the blocks based on creation timestamps of the blocks and based on an index of the blocks when both blocks are created by a same node.

11. The method of claim 9 , further comprising determining a creation order of the blocks by a path from one block to the other block.

12. The method of claim 11 , wherein the DAG reflects temporal transaction relationships.

13. A non-transitory computer readable medium comprising instructions, that when read by a processor, cause the processor to perform:

monitoring transaction sequences on a blockchain network;

constructing a directed acyclic graph (DAG) based on the transaction sequences;

computing a total order of the transaction sequences from the DAG;

maintaining local partial orders in final total orderings of blocks in Merkle DAG data structures; and

resolving transaction ordering inversions from the local partial orders.

14. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 13 , further comprising instructions, that when read by the processor, cause the processor to examine a creation order of two blocks with a same consensus timestamp from the Merkle DAG data structures.

15. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 14 , further comprising instructions, that when read by the processor, cause the processor to select a block from the two blocks that was created first as the block to be ordered before an other block with the same consensus timestamp to resolve the transaction ordering inversions.

16. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 13 , further comprising instructions, that when read by the processor, cause the processor to determine a creation order of the blocks based on creation timestamps of the blocks and based on an index of the blocks when both blocks are created by a same node.

17. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 13 , further comprising instructions, that when read by the processor, cause the processor to determine a creation order of the blocks by a path from one block to the other block.