Methods and compositions for preventing or treating tissue calcification
The invention provides methods and compositions for preventing or treating (e.g., slowing the progression of, arresting, and/or reversing) tissue calcification in a subject in need thereof and, more particularly, the invention relates to methods of using menaquinone-7 (MK-7) and/or menaquinol-7 (MKH2-7) for preventing or treating (e.g., slowing the progression of, arresting, and/or reversing) tissue calcification in a subject with diabetes, chronic kidney disease, end stage renal failure, or a subject undergoing hemodialysis and/or receiving anticoagulant therapy. The invention further provides methods and compositions for reducing one or more symptoms of chronic obstructive pulmonary disorder (COPD), including using menaquinone-7 (MK-7) and/or menaquinol-7 (MKH2-7), for preventing or treating (e.g., slowing the progression of, arresting, and/or reversing) one or more symptoms of COPD.
1. A method of preventing, slowing the progression of, arresting and/or reversing tissue calcification in a pre-diabetic human subject or a human subject with diabetes, chronic kidney disease or a combination thereof, and in need thereof, the method comprising administering to the subject at least 10 mg of substantially pure menaquinone-7 (MK-7) and/or menaquinol-7 (MKH2-7) per day, thereby to prevent, slow the progression of, and/or arrest tissue calcification in the subject, whereupon the administration of the MK-7 and/or MKH2-7 increases a plasma level of Fetuin A relative to the plasma level of Fetuin A prior to administration.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the subject has diabetes.
3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the subject has chronic kidney disease.
4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the subject has stage 4 or 5 chronic kidney disease/end stage renal disease.
5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the subject is undergoing hemodialysis.
6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the subject is receiving non-warfarin-based anti-coagulant therapy.
7. The method of claim 6 , wherein the anti-coagulant therapy is oral anti-coagulation therapy.
8. The method of claim 7 , wherein the anti-coagulation therapy comprises an inhibitor of Factor Xa activity or Factor IIa activity.
9. The method of claim 1 , whereupon administration of the MK-7 and/or MKH2-7 to the subject increases the subject's serum T50 value relative to the subject's serum T50 value prior to administration of the MK-7 and/or MKH2-7.
10. The method of claim 1 , wherein administration of the MK-7 and/or MKH2-7
(a) increases a ratio of a carboxylated to a non-carboxylated of a Vitamin K dependent protein or
(b) decreases an amount of a non-carboxylated Vitamin K dependent protein in plasma of the subject relative to the ratio or amount present prior to administration of the MK-7 and/or MKH2-7.
11. The method of claim 10 , wherein the Vitamin K-dependent protein is selected from Matrix Gla Protein, Growth Arrest Specific Gene 6 (Gas-6) protein, PIVKA-II protein, osteocalcin, activated Protein C, or activated Protein S.
12. The method of claim 1 , wherein upon administration of the MK-7 and/or MKH2-7 to the subject increases a plasma level of osteoprotegerin relative to the plasma level of osteoprotegerin prior to administration of the MK-7 and/or MKH2-7.
13. The method of claim 1 , wherein upon administration of the MK-7 and/or MKH2-7 to the subject decreases a plasma level of D-Dimer or Highly Sensitive C Reactive Protein (hs-CRP) relative to the plasma level of D-Dimer or Highly Sensitive C Reactive Protein (hs-CRP) prior to administration of the MK-7 and/or MKH2-7.
14. The method of claim 1 , wherein, when the subject has a dermal and/or vascular lesion, the administration of the MK-7 and/or MKH2-7 reduces the size of the dermal and/or vascular lesion.
15. The method of claim 1 , wherein the MK-7 and/or MKH2-7 is administered orally.
16. The method of claim 1 , wherein the subject has previously been exposed to warfarin-based anti-coagulation therapy.
17. The method of claim 1 , wherein the subject is receiving a statin.
18. The method of claim 1 , wherein the subject has type II diabetes.
19. The method of claim 1 , wherein the subject has been diagnosed as pre-diabetic.
20. The method of claim 14 , wherein administration of the MK-7 and/or MKH2-7 reduces the total surface area of the lesion by at least 20%.
21. The method of claim 1 , comprising administering from at least 10 mg to about 100 mg of MK-7 and/or MKH2-7 to the subject per day.
22. The method of claim 1 , comprising administering 10, 25, 50, 75, or 100 mg of MK-7 and/or MKH2-7 to the subject per day.