Modification of segmented polyurethane properties by copolymerizing with pendant functionalized diols

1. A functionalized polyurethane polymer defined by the formula

where each R′ is independently derived from a diisocyanate containing R′, where each R″ represents a soft segment of the polymer and is independently derived from a polyol containing R″, where n is the number of repeat units within the soft segment of the polymer, where m is the number of repeating mer units in the polymer, where each E is a pendant-functionalized amide unit chain extender derived from an N-substituted diol monomer containing E, wherein the nitrogen atom of the amide group is part of the polymer backbone, and wherein E is represented by Formula 1A or 1B

where R 1 and R 2 may be the same or different and are each hydrocarbon groups; R 3 is a heterocyclic group that includes the nitrogen atom as a hetero atom within the heterocyclic group; y and z may be the same or different and are from 0 to 4, and M is a pendant functional group represented by the formula

—(CH 2 ) x R 4

where x is from 0 to 6, and where R 4 is a cationic group, an anionic group, or a hydroxyl group.

2. The functionalized polyurethane polymer of claim 1 , where the polymer has a number molecular weight of at least 10 kDa.

3. The functionalized polyurethane polymer of claim 1 , where each R′ is independently selected from the group consisting of substituted or unsubstituted saturated aliphatic groups, saturated cycloaliphatic groups, and aromatic groups, with each group independently containing from 1 carbon atom, or the appropriate number of carbon atoms to form the group, up to about 20 carbon atoms.

4. The functionalized polyurethane polymer of claim 1 , where each R′ is independently derived from a diisocyanate selected from the group consisting of 1,6-hexamethylene diisocyanate, 1,4-diisocyanato butane, L-lysine diisocyanate, isophorone diisocyanate, 1,4-diisooyanato 2-methyl butane, 2,3-diisocyanato 2,3-dimethyl butane, 1,4-di(1propoxy-3-diisocyanate, 1,4-diisocyanato 2-butene, 1,10-diisocyanato decane, ethylene diisocyanate, 2,5 bis(2-isocyanato ethyl) furan, 1,6-diisocyanato 2,5-diethyl hexane, 1,6-diisocyanato 3-methoxy hexane, 1,5 diisocyanato pentane, 1,12-dodecamethylene diisocyanate, 2 methyl-2,4 diisocyanato pentane, 2,2 dimethyl-1,5 diisocyanato pentane, ethyl phosphonyl diisocyanate, 2,2,4-trimethyl-1,6-hexamethylene diisocyanate, 4,4′-diphenylmethane diisocyanate, 2,4′-diphenylmethane diisocyanate, 2,2′-diphenylmethane diisocyanate, 2,4-toluene diisocyanate, 2 ! 4′-diphenylmethane diisocyanates, 4,4′-diphenylethane diisocyanato, 1,5-naphthylene diisocyanate, 5-isocyanato-1-(isoeyanatomethyl)-1,3,3-trimethylcyclohexane (IPDI), toluene diisocyanate (TDI), and 4,4′-Methylenebis(cyclohexyl isocyanate) (HMDI).

5. The functionalized polyurethane polymer of claim 1 , where each R″ is independently derived from a polyol selected from the group consisting of 1,4-butanediol, diethylene diol 1,5-hexanediol, 1,3-propanediol, neopentyl diol, trimethylene diol, pentaerythritol polyether polyols, aliphatic polyester polyols, aromatic polyester polyols, polyether polyols based upon tetrahydrofuran, polycarbonate polyols, polycaprolactone polyols, acrylic polyols, polysulfide polyols, polybutadiene polyols, polysiloxane polyols, poly isobutylene polyols, and copolymers thereof.

6. The functionalized polyurethane polymer of claim 1 , where each R″ independently contains from 1 to about 20 carbon atoms.

7. The functionalized polyurethane polymer of claim 1 , where n is from about 2 to about 100.

8. The functionalized polyurethane polymer of claim 1 , where m is from about 2 to about 100.

9. The functionalized polyurethane polymer of claim 1 , where the polymer is defined by the formula

10. A method for preparing the functionalized polyurethane polymer of claim 1 , the method comprising the steps of:

reacting a stoichiometric excess of at least one diisocyanate containing R′ with at least one polyol containing R″ to yield a prepolymer; and

reacting the prepolymer with a chain extender that is an N-substituted diol monomer containing E.

11. The method of claim 10 , where each of the at least one diisocyanate containing R′ is defined by the formula OCN—R′—NCO, where each R′ is independently selected from the group consisting of substituted or unsubstituted saturated aliphatic groups, saturated cycloaliphatic groups, and aromatic groups, with each group independently containing from 1 to about 20 carbon atoms.

12. The method of claim 10 , where each of the at least one diisocyanate containing R′ is independently selected from the group consisting of 1,6-hexamethylene diisocyanate, 1,4-diisocyanato butane, L-lysine diisocyanate, isophorone diisocyanate, 1,4-diisooyanato 2-methyl butane, 2,3-diisocyanato 2,3-dimethyl butane, 1,4-di(1propoxy-3-diisocyanate, 1,4-diisocyanato 2-butene, 1,10-diisocyanato decane, ethylene diisocyanate, 2,5 bis(2-isocyanato ethyl) furan, 1,6-diisocyanato 2,5-diethyl hexane, 1,6-diisocyanato 3-methoxy hexane, 1,5 diisocyanato pentane, 1,12-dodecamethylene diisocyanate, 2 methyl-2,4 diisocyanato pentane, 2,2 dimethyl-1,5 diisocyanato pentane, ethyl phosphonyl diisocyanate, 2,2,4-trimethyl-1,6-hexamethylene diisocyanate, 4,4′-diphenylmethane diisocyanate, 2,4′-diphenylmethane diisocyanate, 2,2′-diphenylmethane diisocyanate, 2,4-toluene diisocyanate, 2 ! 4′-diphenylmethane diisocyanates, 4,4′-diphenylethane diisocyanato, 1,5-naphthylene diisocyanate, 5-isocyanato-1-(isoeyanatomethyl)-1,3,3-trimethylcyclohexane (IPDI), toluene diisocyanate (TDI), and 4,4′-Methylenebis(cyclohexyl isocyanate) (HMDI).

13. The method of claim 10 , where each of the at least one polyol containing R″ is defined by the formula HO—R″—OH, where each R″ independently contains from 1 to about 20 carbon atoms.

14. The method of claim 10 , where each of the at least one polyol containing R″ is independently selected from the group consisting of 1,4-butanediol, diethylene diol 1,5-hexanediol, 1,3-propanediol, neopentyl diol, trimethylene diol, pentaerythritol polyether polyols, aliphatic polyester polyols, aromatic polyester polyols, polyether polyols based upon tetrahydrofuran, polycarbonate polyols, polycaprolactone polyols, acrylic polyols, polysulfide polyols, polybutadiene polyols, polysiloxane polyols, poly isobutylene polyols, and copolymers thereof.

15. The method of claim 10 , where the prepolymer is defined by:

OCN—R′—NHCO—O—R″—O—CONH—R′—NCO.

16. A functionalized polyurethane polymer defined by the formula

.

where each R′ is independently derived from a diisocyanate containing R′, where each R″ represents a soft segment of the polymer and is independently derived from a polyol containing R″, where n is the number of repeat units within the soft segment of the polymer, where m is the number of repeating mer units in the polymer, where each E is a pendant-functionalized amide unit chain extender derived from an N-substituted diol monomer containing E, wherein the nitrogen atom of the amide group is part of the polymer backbone, and wherein E is represented by Formula 1A or 1B

where R 1 and R 2 may be the same or different and are each hydrocarbon groups; R 3 is a heterocyclic group that includes the nitrogen atom as a hetero atom within the heterocyclic group; y and z may be the same or different and are from 0 to 4, and M is a pendant functional group that includes one or more groups selected from carbonates (CO 2 − ), phosphates (PO 4 2− ), sulfates (SO 4 2− ), ammonium (NH 3 + ), and hydroxyl (OH).

17. A cationic antimicrobial polyurethane polymer with anti-biofilm properties, the polymer defined by the formula

where each R′ is independently derived from a diisocyanate containing R′, where each R″ represents a soft segment of the polymer and is independently derived from a polyol containing R″, where n is the number of repeat units within the soft segment of the polymer, where m is the number of repeating mer units in the polymer, where each E is a pendant-functionalized amide unit chain extender derived from an N-substituted diol monomer containing E, wherein the nitrogen atom of the amide group is part of the polymer backbone, and wherein E is represented by Formula 1A or 1B

where R 1 and R 2 may be the same or different and are each hydrocarbon groups; R 3 is a heterocyclic group that includes the nitrogen atom as a hetero atom within the heterocyclic group; y and z may be the same or different and are from 0 to 4, and M is a cationic functional group.

18. The polymer of claim 17 , where the polymer is defined by the formula

where x is from 0 to 6, and where R 4 is a cationic group.

19. The polymer of claim 17 , where the polymer is defined by the formula