PHOTOPROTECTIVE COMPOSITIONS CONTAINING MALASSEZIA-DERIVED COMPOUNDS AND/OR CHEMICAL ANALOGS THEREOF
The present invention relates to compounds, compositions, and methods for modulating skin pigmentation and treating or preventing UV-induced skin damage, erythema, aging of the skin, sunburn, and hyperpigmentation in a subject. The compounds, compositions, and methods of the present invention generally involve Malassezia -derived compounds, including malassezin and indirubin, and/or chemical analogs thereof. Other applications of the compounds and compositions disclosed herein include, but are not limited to, improving hyperpigmentation caused by a hyperpigmentation disorder, inducing melanocyte apoptosis, and modulating arylhydrocarbon receptor (AhR) activity, melanogenesis, melanin production, melanosome biogenesis, melanosome transfer, melanocyte activity, and melanin concentration.
1 . A composition comprising one or more of the compounds listed in Table 1 or FIG. 3 , or a chemical analog, crystalline form, hydrate, or pharmaceutically or cosmetically acceptable salt thereof.
2 . The composition of claim 1 , wherein the composition comprises:
a first compound having the structure of the following formula:
or a chemical analog, crystalline form, hydrate, or pharmaceutically or cosmetically acceptable salt thereof; and,
a second compound having the structure of the following formula:
or a chemical analog, crystalline form, hydrate, or pharmaceutically or cosmetically acceptable salt thereof.
3 . A method for brightening skin in a subject, the method comprising contacting the subject with one or more of the compounds listed in Table 1 or FIG. 3 , or a chemical analog, crystalline form, hydrate, or pharmaceutically or cosmetically acceptable salt thereof.
4 . The method of claim 3 , wherein the subject is contacted with:
a first compound having the structure of the following formula:
or a chemical analog, crystalline form, hydrate, or pharmaceutically or cosmetically acceptable salt thereof; and,
a second compound having the structure of the following formula:
or a chemical analog, crystalline form, hydrate, or pharmaceutically or cosmetically acceptable salt thereof.
5 . A method for inducing melanocyte apoptosis in a subject, the method comprising contacting the subject with one or more of the compounds listed in Table 1 or FIG. 3 , or a chemical analog, crystalline form, hydrate, or pharmaceutically or cosmetically acceptable salt thereof.
6 . The method of claim 5 , wherein the subject is contacted with:
a first compound having the structure of the following formula:
or a chemical analog, crystalline form, hydrate, or pharmaceutically or cosmetically acceptable salt thereof; and,
a second compound having the structure of the following formula:
or a chemical analog, crystalline form, hydrate, or pharmaceutically or cosmetically acceptable salt thereof.
7 . A method for modulating arylhydrocarbon receptor (AhR) activity in a subject, the method comprising contacting the subject with one or more of the compounds listed in Table 1 or FIG. 3 , or a chemical analog, crystalline form, hydrate, or pharmaceutically or cosmetically acceptable salt thereof.
8 . The method of claim 7 , wherein the subject is contacted with:
a first compound having the structure of the following formula:
or a chemical analog, crystalline form, hydrate, or pharmaceutically or cosmetically acceptable salt thereof; and,
a second compound having the structure of the following formula:
or a chemical analog, crystalline form, hydrate, or pharmaceutically or cosmetically acceptable salt thereof.
9 . A method for modulating melanogenesis in a subject, the method comprising contacting the subject with one or more of the compounds listed in Table 1 or FIG. 3 , or a chemical analog, crystalline form, hydrate, or pharmaceutically or cosmetically acceptable salt thereof.
10 . The method of claim 9 , wherein the subject is contacted with:
a first compound having the structure of the following formula:
or a chemical analog, crystalline form, hydrate, or pharmaceutically or cosmetically acceptable salt thereof; and,
a second compound having the structure of the following formula:
or a chemical analog, crystalline form, hydrate, or pharmaceutically or cosmetically acceptable salt thereof.
11 . A method for modulating melanin concentration in a subject, the method comprising contacting the subject with one or more of the compounds listed in Table 1 or FIG. 3 , or a chemical analog, crystalline form, hydrate, or pharmaceutically or cosmetically acceptable salt thereof.
12 . The method of claim 11 , wherein the subject is contacted with:
a first compound having the structure of the following formula:
or a chemical analog, crystalline form, hydrate, or pharmaceutically or cosmetically acceptable salt thereof; and,
a second compound having the structure of the following formula:
or a chemical analog, crystalline form, hydrate, or pharmaceutically or cosmetically acceptable salt thereof.