Process for producing spheroidized powder from feedstock materials
Disclosed herein are embodiments of methods, devices, and assemblies for processing feedstock materials using microwave plasma processing. Specifically, the feedstock materials disclosed herein pertains to scrap materials, dehydrogenated or non-hydrogenated feed material, and recycled used powder. Microwave plasma processing can be used to spheroidize and remove contaminants. Advantageously, microwave plasma processed feedstock can be used in various applications such as additive manufacturing or powdered metallurgy (PM) applications that require high powder flowability.
1. A method for manufacturing a spheroidized powder from scrap metal or used metal parts, the method comprising:
providing scrap metal or used metal parts comprising a material selected from the group consisting of metal and metal alloys;
milling the scrap metal or used metal parts to produce metallic particles within a range of particle volumes suitable for use as feedstock in a microwave plasma process; and
applying the microwave plasma process to the metallic particles within the range of particle volumes to form spheroidized powder;
wherein the scrap metal or used metal parts comprise a work hardened microstructure that is retained in the spheroidized powder after applying the microwave plasma process.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the range of particle volumes is between 15 and 63 microns 3 .
3. The method of claim 1 , comprising milling the scrap metal or used metal parts without embrittling the scrap metal or used metal parts.
4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the scrap metal or used metal parts comprises Ti 6Al-4V.
5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the scrap metal or used metal parts comprise alloy elements including Al, Mg, Ti, and/or Cu and, after applying the microwave plasma process the spheroidized powder still includes the Al, Mg, Ti, and/or Cu.
6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the scrap metal or used metal parts comprise sharp turnings, saw swarfs, grinding swarfs, grinding fines, and/or wash line fines.
7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the scrap metal or used metal parts are selected for the milling to have a size and/or aspect ratio that will result post-milling in metallic particles within the range of particle volumes.
8. The method of claim 1 , wherein at least two regions are created in the spheroidized powder, each region having a different microstructure.
9. The method of claim 8 , wherein the at least two regions include a core portion and a skin portion, the skin portion having a microstructure that is different from a microstructure of the scrap metal or used metal parts.
10. A method for manufacturing a spheroidized powder having a desired particle size distribution between about x and about y, wherein x represents a low end of the particle size distribution and having a value of 5 microns and y represents a high end of the particle size distribution and having a value of 45 microns, the method comprising:
introducing metallic particles obtained by milling or crushing scrap metal or used metal parts into a microwave plasma torch, a majority of said introduced metallic particles having a volume between about 4/3π(x/2) 3 and about 4/3π(y/2) 3 , and wherein said introduced metallic particles having at least one of a collective average or median aspect ratio between 2:1 and 200:1; and
melting and spheroidizing the metallic particles within the microwave plasma torch to form spheroidized powder having the desired particle size distribution of about x to about y;
wherein the scrap metal or used metal parts comprise a work hardened microstructure that is retained in the spheroidized powder after applying the microwave plasma process.
11. The method of claim 10 , wherein the collective average or median aspect ratio is between 5:1 to 20:1.
12. The method of claim 10 , wherein the collective average or median aspect ratio is between 10:1 to 100:1.
13. The method of claim 10 , wherein the introducing metallic particles into the microwave plasma torch comprises introducing the metallic particles into an exhaust of the microwave plasma torch or into a plume of the microwave plasma torch.
14. A method for producing a spheroidized powder from a feed material comprising dehydrogenated or non-hydrogenated titanium or titanium alloy, the method comprising:
introducing a feed material comprising dehydrogenated or non-hydrogenated titanium or titanium alloy particles into a microwave plasma torch; and
melting and spheroidizing the particles within a plasma generated by the microwave plasma torch to form spheroidized powder being made of spheroidized particles having a martensitic microstructure.
15. The method of claim 14 , wherein the feed material comprises titanium or titanium alloy particles processed by a hydrogenation-dehydrogenation (HDH) process.
16. The method of claim 14 , wherein the spheroidized powder comprises particles with a median sphericity of at least 0.75.
17. The method claim 14 , wherein the spheroidized powder has a particle size distribution of between 5 and 45 microns at a low end of the particle size distribution range and between 15 and 105 microns at a high end of the particle size distribution range.
18. The method of claim 14 , wherein at least two regions are created in the spheroidized powder, each region having a different microstructure.
19. The method of claim 18 , wherein the at least two regions include a core portion and a skin portion, the skin portion having a microstructure that is different from a microstructure of the feed material.
20. The method of claim 14 , wherein the feed material has a particle size of no less than 1.0 microns and no more than 300 microns.
21. The method of claim 14 , wherein the feed material comprises Ti 6Al-4V.
22. A method for producing a spheroidized powder from a feed material comprising dehydrogenated or non-hydrogenated titanium or titanium alloy, the method comprising:
introducing a feed material comprising dehydrogenated or non-hydrogenated titanium or titanium alloy particles into a microwave plasma torch; and
melting and spheroidizing the particles within a plasma generated by the microwave plasma torch to form spheroidized powder, the spheroidized powder having at least two regions, each region having a different microstructure.
23. The method of claim 22 , wherein the at least two regions include a core portion and a skin portion, the skin portion having a microstructure that is different from a microstructure of the feed material.
24. The method of claim 22 , wherein the feed material comprises titanium or titanium alloy particles processed by a hydrogenation-dehydrogenation (HDH) process.
25. The method of claim 22 , wherein the spheroidized powder comprises particles with a median sphericity of at least 0.75.
26. The method claim 22 , wherein the spheroidized powder has a particle size distribution of between 5 and 45 microns at a low end of the particle size distribution range and between 15 and 105 microns at a high end of the particle size distribution range.
27. The method of claim 22 , wherein the feed material has a particle size of no less than 1.0 microns and no more than 300 microns.
28. The method of claim 22 , wherein the feed material comprises Ti 6Al-4V.