Selective UV crosslinking of peptides and functional moieties to immunoglobulins
A method of crosslinking a hetero-bifunctional photo crosslinking compound to an immunoglobulin having at least one heterocyclic photo reactive group and at least one non-photo reactive group where the non-photo reactive group is coupled to an effector molecule and the photo reactive group is coupled to the nucleotide binding site of an immunoglobulin. Alternatively, the photo crosslinker contains an orthogonal reactive group such as a thiol, which can be coupled to an effector molecule or functionalized ligand.
1. A method of site specific photo crosslinking of an orthogonally reactive functional group to an immunoglobulin, the method comprising:
a) providing an immunoglobulin, the immunoglobulin having a conserved nucleotide binding site located away from the antigen binding site of the Fv domain of the immunoglobulin; and
b) providing a hetero-bifunctional crosslinker having at least a first functional group and at least a second functional group where the first functional group is a heterocyclic photo reactive functional group and the second functional group is a thiol functional group;
c) mixing the immunoglobulin with the hetero-bifunctional crosslinker to provide a mixture;
d) exposing the mixture to ultra-violet light so that the first functional group is covalently coupled within the nucleotide binding site of the immunoglobulin; and
e) reacting the thiol functional group with a thiol reactive functionalized ligand comprising a maleimide moiety or a sulfide moiety such that the thiol functional group is covalently coupled to the maleimide moiety or the sulfide moiety;
thereby providing a functionalized immunoglobulin having site specific thiolation.
2. The method of claim 1 wherein the heterocyclic photo reactive functional group is an indole compound.
3. The method of claim 1 wherein the heterocyclic photo reactive functional group is indole-3-butyric acid.
4. The method of claim 1 wherein the thiol functional group is a cysteine residue.
5. The method of claim 1 wherein after step e, the thiol reactive functionalized ligand is coupled to a functionalized ligand coated surface in an orientation specific manner whereby the antigen binding sites are oriented away from the surface and available for antigen binding such that the immunoglobulin retains about 90% to about 100% antigen binding activity.
6. The method of claim 5 wherein the functionalized ligand coated surface is the surface of a nanoparticle, a bead, a microfluidic device, an ELISA plate, or a microarray device.
7. The method of claim 5 wherein the functionalized ligand coated surface is a drug delivery system.
8. The method of claim 7 wherein the drug delivery system comprises a liposome, a micelle, a nanoparticle, a quantum dot, or a dendrimer.
9. The method of claim 1 wherein the functionalized ligand is a labeling molecule, an affinity tag, a chemotherapeutic, a cytotoxic agent, an active peptide, a contrast agent, a radiolabel, DNA, or a small molecule inhibitor.
10. The method of claim 9 wherein the active peptide is selected from the group consisting of cell internalization sequences, receptor targeting sequences, and mimotopes.
11. The method of claim 9 wherein the labeling molecule has fluorescent, absorbent, contrast, or radiolabel function.
12. The method of claim 9 wherein the affinity tag is biotin, wherein the biotin is bound to streptavidin, where the streptavidin at least partially coats a surface.
13. The method of claim 12 wherein the surface is the surface of a nanoparticle, a bead, a microfluidic device, an ELISA plate, or a microarray device.
14. A method of site specific photo crosslinking of an orthogonally reactive functional group to an immunoglobulin, the method comprising:
a) providing an immunoglobulin, the immunoglobulin having a conserved nucleotide binding site located away from the antigen binding site of the Fv domain of the immunoglobulin; and
b) mixing a hetero-bifunctional crosslinker having at least a first functional group and at least a second functional group wherein the first functional group comprises an indole-3-butyric acid moiety and the second functional group is a thiol functional group;
c) exposing the mixture to ultra-violet light so that the first functional group is covalently coupled within the nucleotide binding site of the immunoglobulin; and
d) after step c, reacting the thiol functional group with a thiol reactive functionalized ligand, wherein the thiol reactive functionalized ligand comprises a maleimide moiety or a sulfide moiety, such that the thiol functional group is conjugated to the maleimide moiety or the sulfide moiety; and
after step d, binding the thiol reactive functionalized ligand to a functional ligand coated surface such that the thiol reactive functional ligand is coupled to the functionalized ligand coated surface in an orientation specific manner whereby the antigen binding sites are oriented away from the surface and available for antigen binding such that the immunoglobulin retains about 90% to about 100% antigen binding activity;
thereby providing a functionalized immunoglobulin having site specific thiolation.
15. The method of claim 1 wherein a concentration of the hetero-bifunctional photo-reactive crosslinker in the mixture is 100 μM to 1,600 μM.
16. The method of claim 15 wherein the concentration of the hetero-bifunctional photo-reactive crosslinker in the mixture is 100 μM to 400 μM.
17. The method of claim 1 wherein the immunoglobulin and the hetero-bifunctional photo-reactive crosslinker is present in the mixture in a ratio of about 1:10 to about 1:80.
18. The method of claim 1 wherein the immunoglobulin fragment comprises a Fab fragment, a F(ab′) fragment, a F(ab′)2 fragment, a Fv fragment, a scFv fragment, a Fd fragment, or a Fc fragment.
19. The method of claim 1 wherein step d is performed after step c, and step e is performed after step d.