Cobalt hydroxystannate nanocube fuel additive
A method for enhancing the efficiency of a liquid fuel is described. The method involves the addition of cobalt hydroxystannate nanoparticles to the liquid fuel to produce an enhanced liquid fuel. The cobalt hydroxystannate nanoparticles may be present at a concentration of 50-200 ppm, and may increase the calorific value of the fuel by a factor of 25-52 times.
1. A method of enhancing the efficiency of a liquid fuel, comprising:
mixing cobalt hydroxystannate nanoparticles with the liquid fuel to produce an enhanced liquid fuel having a calorific value that is greater than the calorific value of the liquid fuel.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the cobalt hydroxystannate nanoparticles consist essentially of cobalt hydroxystannate having the formula CoSn(OH) 6 .
3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the cobalt hydroxystannate is in the form of nanocubes having an average edge length in a range of 40-400 nm.
4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the cobalt hydroxystannate is in a cubic crystal form having a unit cell dimension in a range of 7.0 to 8.5 Å.
5. The method of claim 4 , wherein the cobalt hydroxystannate is in the space group P n-3 m.
6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the cobalt hydroxystannate nanoparticles are present in the enhanced liquid fuel with a concentration in a range of 50-200 ppm.
7. The method of claim 1 , wherein a calorific value of the enhanced liquid fuel is between 25 and 52 times the calorific value of the liquid fuel.
8. The method of claim 1 , wherein the liquid fuel and the enhanced liquid fuel have specific gravities having a percent difference of 0.5% or less.
9. The method of claim 1 , wherein a kinematic viscosity of the enhanced liquid fuel is 50-85% greater than a kinematic viscosity of the liquid fuel.
10. The method of claim 1 , wherein the liquid fuel is at least one selected from the group consisting of kerosene fuel, diesel fuel, gasoline fuel, biodiesel fuel, alcohol fuel, and synthetic fuel.
11. The method of claim 10 , wherein the liquid fuel is a diesel fuel.
12. The method of claim 11 , wherein the enhanced liquid fuel has a flash point of 35° C. or lower.
13. The method of claim 11 , wherein the enhanced liquid fuel has a fire point of 43° C. or lower.
14. The method of claim 11 , wherein the enhanced liquid fuel has a cloud point of 7° C. or lower.
15. The method of claim 11 , wherein the enhanced liquid fuel has a pour point of −10° C. or lower.
16. The method of claim 11 , wherein the enhanced liquid fuel has a calorific value in a range of 20-50 kJ/g.
17. The method of claim 11 , wherein the enhanced liquid fuel has a kinematic viscosity in a range of 5.75-7.00 mm −2 ·s −1 .
18. The method of claim 11 , wherein the enhanced liquid fuel has a cetane number of 50 or greater.
19. The method of claim 11 , wherein the enhanced liquid fuel has a specific gravity in a range of 0.7900-0.7950 g/cm 3 .
20. The method of claim 1 , wherein the cobalt hydroxystannate nanoparticles are part of a composition.