System and methods for mixed-signal computing
A mixed-signal integrated circuit that includes: a global reference signal source; a first summation node and a second summation node; a plurality of distinct pairs of current generating circuits arranged along the first summation node and the second summation node; a first current generating circuit of each of the plurality of distinct pairs that is arranged on the first summation node and a second current generating circuit of each of the plurality of distinct pairs is arranged on the second summation node; a common-mode current circuit that is arranged in electrical communication with each of the first and second summation nodes; where a local DAC adjusts a differential current between the first second summation nodes based on reference signals from the global reference source; and a comparator or a finite state machine that generates a binary output value current values obtained from the first and second summation nodes.
1. An integrated circuit comprising:
an array of distinct pairs of tunable resistors arranged along a pair of electrical conduits;
a binary reference signal source that sources one or more signals to an array of local signal sources, wherein a distinct one local signal source of the array of local signal sources is arranged in electrical communication with the pair of electrical conduits;
a readout circuit that:
(i) changes a differential current value between the pair of electrical conduits based on the one or more signals from the binary reference signal source;
(ii) determines a summed difference current value between the electrical current values of the pair of electrical conduits; and
(iii) computes a binary output value based on the summed difference current value.
2. The integrated circuit according to claim 1 , wherein
the readout circuit comprises:
a common-mode control circuit that sources to or sinks from each electrical conduits of the pair of electrical conduits a common current value; and
sets a target voltage condition between the pair of electrical conduits based on the common current value.
3. The integrated circuit according to claim 2 , wherein
the common-mode control circuit generates the common current value based on a measured voltage value of the pair of electrical conduits.
4. The integrated circuit according to claim 2 , wherein
the common-mode circuit comprises one of a single-amplifier driven circuit and a switched capacitor feedback circuit that sources the common-mode current value to each of the pair of electrical conduits.
5. The integrated circuit according to claim 4 , wherein
the switched capacitor feedback circuit includes:
a first amplifier that drives a target voltage value that tracks a generated common-mode feedback voltage; and
a second amplifier that shields against sensitive output voltages from switching signals in the switched capacitor feedback circuit.
6. The integrated circuit according to claim 2 , wherein
the common-mode current circuit comprises a compensation circuit that includes at least two amplifier that is each arranged in electrical communication with one of two transistors and that each drive a gate voltage at each of the two transistors to a desired common-mode voltage.
7. The integrated circuit according to claim 2 , wherein
the common-mode current circuit comprises a compensation circuit that includes a single amplifier that is each arranged in electrical communication with each of two transistors and that switches between each of the two transistors to drive a gate voltage at each of the two transistors to a desired common-mode voltage.
8. The integrated circuit according to claim 1 , wherein
the readout circuit comprises:
comparator circuitry that evaluates analog values based on outputs of the pair of electrical conduits and generates the binary output value based on the evaluation.
9. The integrated circuit according to claim 8 , wherein
the evaluation by the comparator circuitry includes:
assessing a relative state of a summed current value in each of a first electrical conduit and of a second electrical conduit of the pair of electrical conduits, and
determining which of the first electrical conduit and the second electrical conduit has a larger summed current value or a smaller summed current value.
10. The integrated circuit according to claim 1 , wherein
the readout circuit comprises:
a finite state machine that evaluates analog values based on outputs of the pair of electrical conduits and generates the binary output value based on the evaluation.
11. The integrated circuit according to claim 1 , further comprising:
multiple arrays of distinct pairs of tunable resistors;
multiple pairs of electrical conduits, wherein:
each of the multiple arrays of distinct pairs of tunable resistors is arranged along one pair of the multiple pairs of electrical conduits, and
the readout circuit comprises an analog multiplexor that is arranged in electrical communication with each of the multiple pairs of electrical conduits.
12. The integrated circuit according to claim 1 , wherein:
the analog multiplexor receives weighted summed current values from each of the multiple pairs of electrical conduits,
the analog multiplexor alternates into the readout circuit the weighted summed current values from each of the multiple pairs of electrical conduits.
13. The integrated circuit according to claim 12 , wherein:
output states for each of the multiple pairs of electrical conduits are connected together in a shift chain, and
the readout circuit outputs a binary output value for each of the multiple pairs of electrical conduits based on an arrangement of the output states within the shift chain.
14. The integrated circuit according to claim 1 , further comprising:
multiple arrays of distinct pairs of tunable resistors;
multiple pairs of electrical conduits, wherein:
each of the multiple arrays of distinct pairs of tunable resistors is arranged along one pair of the multiple pairs of electrical conduits,
the distinct one local signal source of the array of local signal sources is arranged in electrical communication with each of the multiple pairs of electrical conduits.
15. The integrated circuit according to claim 14 , wherein
the distinct one local signal source sources a signal to each of the multiple pairs of electrical conduits based on the one or more signals from the binary reference signal source.
16. The integrated circuit according to claim 1 , wherein
the readout circuit changes the differential current value between the pair of electrical conduits until a summation of an output of a first current value of a first electrical conduit and a second current value of a second electrical conduit of the pair of electrical conduits equals zero.
17. The integrated circuit according to claim 1 , wherein
the readout circuit increases or decreases a differential current signal between the pair of electrical conduits by sourcing to one of a first electrical conduit and a second electrical conduit of the pair of electrical conduits a differential current signal increment based on which of the first electrical conduit and the second electrical conduit that outputs a current signal value with a higher magnitude.
18. The integrated circuit according to claim 1 , wherein
the binary reference signal source executes a binary search algorithm such that at each step of the binary search algorithm, the binary reference signal source sets a binary-weighted value with which each of the array of local signal sources to adjust a respective local state of each of the array of local signal sources.
19. The integrated circuit according to claim 1 , wherein
the binary reference source executes one of a least significant bit search algorithm, a non-binary search algorithm, a logarithmic search algorithm, and a custom user-defined search function.
20. An integrated circuit comprising:
an array of distinct pairs of tunable resistors arranged along a pair of electrical signal paths;
a binary reference signal source that sources one or more signals to an array of local signal sources, wherein a distinct one local signal source of the array of local signal sources is arranged in electrical communication with the pair of electrical signal paths;
an analog-to-digital converter that:
(i) changes a differential current value between the pair of electrical signal paths based on the one or more signals from the binary reference signal source;
(ii) determines a summed difference current value between the electrical current values of the pair of electrical signal paths; and
(iii) computes a binary output value based on the summed difference current value.