Microscale device and method for purification of radiopharmaceuticals
A microfluidic chip device for the purification of radiochemical compounds includes a chip having an injection channel and intersecting branch channels with a plurality of valves are located along the injection channel and branch channels and configured to retain a plug of solution containing the radiochemical compound. The chip further includes a serpentine channel segment (for separation) coupled to the output of the injection channel. A high voltage power source advances the plug of solution through the purification region and into the downstream fraction collection channel. The chip includes a downstream fraction collection channel coupled to the serpentine channel segment and having an optical and radiation detection regions. One or more branch fraction channels intersect with the fraction collection channel and include valves located therein so that the radiochemical compound that is detected using a radiation detector is directed into the desired branch fraction channel for subsequent use.
1. A device for purifying a radiochemical compound comprising:
a microfluidic injection chip comprising an injection channel having an outlet at one end and a well or reservoir at an opposing end, the injection channel being configured to receive a volume of unpurified sample containing the radiochemical compound, the microfluidic injection chip comprising a plurality of intersecting microfluidic branch channels, wherein a plurality of microfluidic valves are positioned along the plurality of intersecting microfluidic branch channels and along the injection channel, wherein the plurality of microfluidic valves positioned along the injection channel selectively define an injection volume within the range of 1-10 μL;
a capillary connected at a first end to the outlet of the microfluidic injection chip;
a microfluidic detector chip connected to a second end of the capillary, the microfluidic detector chip comprising a fraction collection channel coupled at one end to the second end of the capillary and fluidically coupled at another end to a waste well or reservoir and one or more branch fraction channels intersecting with the fraction collection channel, wherein a first portion of the fraction collection channel defines an optical detection region, and wherein a second portion of the fraction collection channel located downstream of the optical detection region defines a radiation detection region containing a solid-state radiation detector, wherein a plurality of valves are positioned along the one or more branch fraction channels and along the fraction collection channel;
a high voltage power supply having a first conductor in contact with the well or reservoir of the microfluidic injection chip and a second conductor in contact with the waste well or reservoir of the microfluidic detector chip;
wherein the solid-state radiation detector is located within a recess disposed in the microfluidic detector chip in the radiation detection region; and
wherein actuation of the high voltage power supply drives the injection volume into the capillary for separation and detection in the microfluidic detector chip without the aid of any separate pump.
2. The device of claim 1 , wherein the optical detection region comprises one or more optical waveguides disposed in the microfluidic detector chip across a width or length of the fraction collection channel wherein the one or more optical waveguides are coupled to a source of light and a detector.
3. The device of claim 1 , wherein the solid-state radiation detector is bonded to the microfluidic detector chip and is located less than 500 μm from the fraction collection channel.
4. The device of claim 3 , wherein the solid-state radiation detector comprises an avalanche photodiode (APD).
5. The device of claim 1 , wherein the solid-state radiation detector comprises a gamma ray detector.
6. The device of claim 1 , wherein the capillary has an internal diameter (ID) within a range of 100 μm to 1 mm.
7. The device of claim 1 , wherein the fraction collection channel comprises a serpentine section comprising a plurality of tapered serpentine turns and wherein the solid-state radiation detector is located adjacent to the serpentine section.
8. The device of claim 1 , further comprising a collection well or reservoir located on the microfluidic detector chip and coupled to one of the one or more branch fraction channels.