Hydrogen production in the process of electrochemical treatment of sulfur-containing acid gases (hydrogen sulfide or sulfur dioxide) supplied in solution with amine-based or other organic absorbents
A method and an electrochemical cell for hydrogen production by electrochemical decomposition of a sulfur-containing acid gas such as H 2 S or SO 2 are disclosed. The method comprises electrolysis of the acid gas in solution in the presence of an absorbent, which may be chemical, physical, or a mixture thereof. In typical embodiments, the absorbent is alkanolamine-based.
1. A method for production of hydrogen gas in the presence of a sulfur-containing acid gas, said method comprising:
providing at least one electrochemical cell, said electrochemical cell comprising:
at least one positive electrode (anode) and one negative electrode (cathode);
solution supply and withdrawal means for supplying and withdrawing a feed/electrolyte solution to and from said electrochemical cell; product withdrawal means for withdrawing from said electrochemical cell products of electrochemical reactions occurring within said electrochemical cell; and,
electrical connecting means configured to provide external electrical connections to at least one of said positive electrode and said negative electrode;
supplying to said electrochemical cell a feed/electrolyte solution comprising a sulfur-containing acid gas and at least one absorbent for said sulfur-containing acid gas;
connecting said electrochemical cell to an external power supply so as to cause within said electrochemical cell an electrochemical reaction that produces hydrogen gas; and,
removing said electrochemically produced hydrogen gas from said electrochemical cell;
wherein:
said feed/electrolyte solution is selected from the group consisting of:
feed/electrolyte solutions comprising hydrogen sulfide and a hydrogen sulfide absorbent comprising an alkanolamine;
feed/electrolyte solutions comprising hydrogen sulfide and a physical hydrogen sulfide absorbent selected from the group consisting of N-methylpyrrolidone, dimethyl ether of polyethylene glycol, tributyl phosphate, and methanol; and,
feed/electrolyte solutions comprising sulfur dioxide, water, and a sulfur dioxide absorbent selected from the group consisting of primary amines, secondary amines, tertiary amines, triamines, and tetraamines.
2. The method according to claim 1 , wherein said step of supplying a feed/electrolyte solution comprising a sulfur-containing acid gas and at least one absorbent for said sulfur-containing gas comprises supplying a feed/electrolyte solution comprising at least 10% by weight of said absorbent.
3. The method according to claim 1 , wherein:
said electrochemical cell comprises a proton-conductive separator that divides said cell into an anode compartment in electrical connection with said anode and a cathode compartment in electrical connection with said cathode; and,
said solution supply and withdrawal means are in fluid connection with said anode compartment but are not in fluid connection with said cathode compartment.
4. The method according to claim 3 , wherein said proton-conductive separator comprises at least one component selected from the group consisting of proton-conductive membranes and catalyst layers.
5. The method according to claim 4 , wherein:
said proton-conductive separator comprises a catalyst layer, said catalyst layer comprising an anode side and a cathode side;
said anode side comprises a catalyst selected from the group consisting of platinum, ruthenium, palladium, and mixtures thereof; and,
said cathode side comprises a catalyst selected from the group consisting of platinum, ruthenium, palladium, iridium, aluminum, lead, metal oxides, mixtures thereof, alloys thereof, and combinations thereof.
6. The method according to claim 1 , wherein said feed/electrolyte solution comprises hydrogen sulfide and a hydrogen sulfide absorbent and said method comprises removing from said electrochemical cell sulfur produced in said electrochemical reaction.
7. The method according to claim 1 , wherein:
said feed/electrolyte solution comprises hydrogen sulfide and an absorbent comprising an alkanolamine; and,
said alkanolamine is selected from the group consisting of monoethanolamine, diethanolamine, triethanolamine, methyldiethanolamine, diisopropanolamine, diglycolamine, and mixtures thereof.
8. The method according to claim 1 , wherein
said feed/electrolyte solution comprises sulfur dioxide, water, and a sulfur dioxide absorbent and,
said method comprises removing from said electrochemical cell said feed/electrolyte solution containing products of said electrochemical reaction.
9. The method according to claim 4 , wherein said proton-conductive separator comprises at least one of:
an anode side catalyst layer comprising a catalyst selected from the group consisting of platinum, ruthenium, palladium, and mixtures thereof; and,
a cathode side catalyst layer comprising a catalyst selected from the group consisting of platinum, ruthenium, palladium, iridium, aluminum, lead, metal oxides, mixtures thereof, alloys thereof, and combinations thereof.
10. The method according to claim 1 , wherein:
said feed/electrolyte solution comprises sulfur dioxide and a sulfur dioxide absorbent, and,
said sulfur dioxide absorbent is selected from the group consisting of: at least one amine compound selected from the group consisting of Monoethanolamine (MEA), Diethanolamine (DEA), Trimethylamine (TMA), Triethylamine (TEA), Triethanolamine (TEOA), Methyldiethanolamine (MDEA), Dimethylamine (DMA), Diisopropanolamine (DIPA), Diglycolamine (DGA), Tripropanolamine, Tributanolamine, Tetrahydroxy-methylenediamine, Tetrahydroxyethyl-ethylenediamine, Tetrahydroxyethyl-I, 3-propylenediamine, Tetrahydroxyethyl-1, 2 propylenediamine, Tetrahydroxyethyl-1, 5 -pentylenediamine, Dihydroxyethyl-ethylenediamine, Monohydroxymethyl-diethylenetriamine, Monomethyl-monohydroxylethyl-triethylenetetramine, Diethylenetriamine, Triethylenetetramine, Tetraethylenepentamine, N,N,N′,N′-Tetrakis-(2-hydroxyethyl)-I, 3-diaminopropane, N,N,N′,N′-Tetrakis-(2-hydroxyethyl)-ethylenediamine, N,N,N′,N′-Tetrakis (Z-hydroxyethyl)-ethylenediamine, N,N,N′,N′-Tetramethyl-ethylenediamine, N,N,N′,N′-Tetramethyl-diaminomethane, N,N′,N′-Trimethyl-N-(2-hydroxyethyl)-ethylenediamine, N′,N′-Dimethyl-N,N-bis(2-hydroxyethyl)-ethylenediamine, N,N′-Dimethylpiperazine, N,N′-Bis(2-hydroxyethyl)-piperazine, N-Methyl, N′-(2-hydroxyethyl)-piperazine, N-(2-hydroxyethyl)-ethylenediamine, N-(2-hydroxyethyl)-piperazine, N-Methyl-piperazine, and mixtures thereof and, at least one physical sulfur dioxide absorbent selected from the group consisting of Dimethyl ether (DME), Polyethylene glycol, Tributyl phosphate, Methanol, Dimethyl Ether of Polyethylene Glycol (DEPG), Diethylene Glycol Methyl Ether (DGM), Sulfolane (SUF), Ethylene glycol (EG), Propylene carbonate (PC), N-methylimidazole (NMI), N-Methyl-Pyrrolidone (NMP), and mixtures thereof.
11. The method according to claim 1 , wherein said feed/electrolyte solution comprises sulfur dioxide, a sulfur dioxide absorbent, and at least one organic solvent selected from the group consisting of pyridine and piperazine.
12. The method according to claim 1 , wherein said step of supplying to said electrochemical cell a feed/electrolyte solution comprising a sulfur-containing acid gas and at least one absorbent for said sulfur-containing acid gas comprises supplying a feed/electrolyte solution comprising a sulfur-containing acid gas obtained from sour gas.
13. The method according to claim 1 , wherein said step of providing at least one electrochemical cell comprises providing a plurality of electrochemical cells connected in series.
14. An electrochemical cell (electrolyzer) for production of hydrogen in the presence of a sulfur-containing acid gas, comprising:
at least one positive electrode (anode) and one negative electrode (cathode);
a feed/electrolyte solution comprising said sulfur-containing acid gas;
solution supply and withdrawal means for supplying and withdrawing said feed/electrolyte solution to and from said electrochemical cell;
optionally, circulating means configured to circulate feed/electrolyte solution through said electrochemical cell;
product withdrawal means for withdrawing from said electrochemical cell products of electrochemical reactions occurring within said electrochemical cell; and,
electrical connecting means configured to provide external electrical connections to at least one of said positive electrode and said negative electrode;
wherein:
said feed/electrolyte solution is selected from the group consisting of:
feed/electrolyte solutions comprising hydrogen sulfide and an absorbent comprising an alkanolamine;
feed/electrolyte solutions comprising hydrogen sulfide and a physical hydrogen sulfide absorbent selected from the group consisting of N-methylpyrrolidone, dimethyl ether of polyethylene glycol, tributyl phosphate, and methanol; and,
feed/electrolyte solutions comprising sulfur dioxide, water, and a sulfur dioxide absorbent selected from the group consisting of primary amines, secondary amines, tertiary amines, triamines, and tetraamines.
15. The electrochemical cell according to claim 14 , wherein:
said electrochemical cell comprises a proton-conductive separator that divides said cell into an anode compartment in electrical connection with said anode and a cathode compartment in electrical connection with said cathode; and,
said solution supply and withdrawal means are in fluid connection with said anode.
16. The electrochemical cell according to claim 15 , wherein said proton-conductive separator comprises at least one component selected from the group consisting of proton-conductive membranes and catalyst layers.
17. The electrochemical cell according to claim 16 , wherein:
said proton-conductive separator comprises a catalyst layer comprising an anode side and a cathode side;
said anode side comprises a catalyst selected from the group consisting of platinum, ruthenium, palladium, and mixtures thereof; and,
said cathode side comprises a catalyst selected from the group consisting of platinum, ruthenium, palladium, iridium, aluminum, lead, metal oxides, mixtures thereof, alloys thereof, and combinations thereof.
18. The electrochemical cell according to claim 14 , wherein:
said feed/electrolyte solution comprises hydrogen sulfide and an absorbent comprising an alkanolamine; and,
said product withdrawal means comprise means for withdrawing sulfur from said electrochemical cell.
19. The electrochemical cell according to claim 14 , wherein:
said feed/electrolyte solution comprises sulfur dioxide, water, and a sulfur dioxide absorbent selected from the group consisting of primary amines, secondary amines, tertiary amines, triamines, and tetraamines; and,
said product withdrawal means comprise means for withdrawing said feed/electrolyte solution containing products of said electrochemical reaction.
20. The electrochemical cell according to claim 14 , wherein at least one of solution supply and withdrawal means and said product withdrawal means is in fluid connection with regenerating means for regenerating said absorbent from products of said electrochemical reactions.