Method for estimating Gleason score of prostate cancer, method for estimating pathological stage, and method for acquiring supplementary information, all on the basis of specific PSA content in specimen
The present invention provides methods that are for acquiring various types of supplementary information used for diagnosis or treatment of prostate cancer, and that can be implemented in a less-invasive manner at a low cost. Provided are, by measuring the content of prostate specific antigen (PSA) having a β-N-acetylgalactosamine residue at a non-reducing terminal of a sugar chain in a specimen, and comparing the measured value with a threshold value, (1) a method for estimating whether a Gleason score (primary pattern and secondary pattern) is not less than or less than a prescribed value, (2) a method for estimating whether the pathological stage (pT) is not less than or less than a prescribed value, and (3) a method for acquiring information for assessment indicating diagnosis or treatment should be actively conducted because a GS at gross total removal is expected to be higher than a GS at biopsy.
1. A method for determining a Gleason score (GS) that represents the malignancy of prostate cancer, said method comprising:
measuring content of prostate specific antigen (PSA) having a β-N-acetylgalactosamine residue at a non-reducing terminal of a sugar chain in a specimen, wherein quantification of the PSA is carried out by using a surface plasmon-field enhanced fluorescence spectroscopy (SPFS),
comparing the measured content of PSA having a β-N-acetylgalactosamine residue to a first threshold value for a GS of 3+4 or lower, or comparing the measured content of PSA having a β-N-acetylgalactosamine residue to a second threshold value for a GS of 4+3 or higher, and
determining that the specimen has a GS of 4+3 or higher when the measured value of PSA having a β-N-acetylgalactosamine residue is not less than the second threshold value, or determining that the specimen has a GS of 3+4 or lower when the measured value of PSA having a β-N-acetylgalactosamine residue is less than the first threshold value,
wherein GS is estimated to be 4+3 or higher when the measured value of PSA having a β-N-acetylgalactosamine residue is set at 0.05 to 0.31 U/ml, and GS is estimated to be 3+4 or lower when the measured value of PSA having a β-N-acetylgalactosamine residue is set at 0.02 to 0.31 U/ml,
wherein quantification of the PSA is carried out by a method including binding a molecule having an affinity for a β-N-acetylgalactosamine residue to the PSA, and
wherein the molecule having an affinity for a β-N-acetylgalactosamine residue is Wisteria floribunda lectin (WFA), soybean agglutinin (SBA), Vicia Villosa lectin (VVL), or an anti-β-N-acetylgalactosamine antibody.
2. A method for determining a pathological stage (pT) that represents the progress of prostate cancer, said method comprising:
measuring content of prostate specific antigen (PSA) having a β-N-acetylgalactosamine residue at a non-reducing terminal of a sugar chain in a specimen, wherein quantification of the PSA is carried out by using a surface plasmon-field enhanced fluorescence spectroscopy (SPFS),
comparing the measured content of PSA having a β-N-acetylgalactosamine residue to a first threshold value for a pT of 2 or lower, or comparing the measured content of PSA having a β-N-acetylgalactosamine residue to a second threshold value for a pT of 3 or higher, and
determining that the specimen has a pT of 3 or higher when the measured value of PSA having a β-N-acetylgalactosamine residue is not less than the second threshold value, or determining that the specimen has a pT of 2 or lower when the measured value of PSA having a β-N-acetylgalactosamine residue is less than the first threshold value,
wherein pT is estimated to be 3 or higher when the measured value of PSA having a β-N-acetylgalactosamine residue is set at 0.06 to 1.24 U/ml, and pT is estimated to be 2 or lower when the measured value of PSA having a β-N-acetylgalactosamine residue is set at 0.03 to 0.23 U/ml,
wherein quantification of the PSA is carried out by a method including binding a molecule having an affinity for a β-N-acetylgalactosamine residue to the PSA, and
wherein the molecule having an affinity for a β-N-acetylgalactosamine residue is Wisteria floribunda lectin (WFA), soybean agglutinin (SBA), Vicia Villosa lectin (VVL), or an anti-β-N-acetylgalactosamine antibody.