Apparatus and method for determining a calibration parameter for a blood pressure measurement device
According to an aspect there is provided a method of determining a calibration parameter for a first blood pressure, BP, measurement device, the method comprising obtaining a first physiological characteristic measurement of a subject using the first BP measurement device, wherein the first BP measurement device is for obtaining physiological characteristic measurements of a physiological characteristic of the subject and for determining a BP measurement of the subject from the physiological characteristic measurements using the calibration parameter, wherein the first physiological characteristic measurement is obtained when a torso of the subject is in a first posture; obtaining a second physiological characteristic measurement of the subject using the first BP measurement device, wherein the second physiological characteristic measurement is obtained when the torso of the subject is in a second, different, posture; determining the change in the posture of the torso from the first posture to the second posture; estimating a change in BP of the subject or a change in the physiological characteristic of the subject from the determined change in the posture of the torso; and determining the calibration parameter for determining BP measurements from physiological characteristic measurements obtained by the first BP measurement device from an analysis of the first physiological characteristic measurement, the second physiological characteristic measurement and the estimated change.
1. A method of determining a calibration parameter for a first blood pressure, BP, measurement device, the method comprising:
obtaining a first physiological characteristic measurement of a subject using the first BP measurement device, wherein the first BP measurement device is for obtaining physiological characteristic measurements of a physiological characteristic of the subject and for determining a BP measurement of the subject from the physiological characteristic measurements using the calibration parameter, wherein the first physiological characteristic measurement is obtained when a torso of the subject is in a first posture;
obtaining a second physiological characteristic measurement of the subject using the first BP measurement device, wherein the second physiological characteristic measurement is obtained when the torso of the subject is in a second, different, posture;
determining a change in posture of the torso of the subject from the first posture of the subject to the second posture of the subject;
estimating, without measuring, a change in a BP of the subject or a change in the physiological characteristic of the subject from the determined change in the posture of the torso; and
determining the calibration parameter for determining a future BP measurement from a future physiological characteristic measurement obtained by the first BP measurement device, based on analysis of the first physiological characteristic measurement obtained in the first posture, the second physiological characteristic measurement obtained in the second posture, and the estimated change.
2. The method as claimed in claim 1 , the method further comprising, after the step of obtaining the first physiological characteristic measurement, the step of:
causing the change in the posture of the torso of the subject from the first posture to the second posture.
3. The method as claimed in claim 2 , wherein the step of causing the change in the posture comprises:
providing an instruction or command to the subject or a care provider for the subject that the posture of the torso of the subject is to be changed; or
outputting a control signal to an actuator for a bed or chair associated with the subject to change an angle of the bed or chair.
4. The method as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the step of determining the change in the posture of the torso from the first posture to the second posture comprises analyzing analysing a measurement signal from a posture sensor.
5. The method as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the first BP measurement device comprises a physiological characteristic sensor for measuring the physiological characteristic of the subject, and wherein the step of determining the change in the posture of the torso from the first posture to the second posture comprises analyzing measurement signal from the physiological characteristic sensor.
6. The method as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the step of estimating the change in the BP of the subject from the determined change in the posture of the torso comprises:
estimating a change in height of a location on the body at which the physiological characteristic is measured relative to a heart of the subject from the first posture to the second posture based on the determined change in posture.
7. The method as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the physiological characteristic is pulse transit time, PTT, that is obtained by measurements of pulse arrival at two different locations on the body of the subject that are separated by a length 1 , and wherein the step of estimating the change in the physiological characteristic of the subject from the determined change in the posture of the torso comprises:
evaluating
PTT
(
α
)
=
-
1
m
ϱ
g
sin
(
α
)
ln
1
-
m
ϱ
g
l
sin
(
α
)
mP
+
n
for each of the first and second postures, where p is the density of blood, g is acceleration due to gravity, P is the blood pressure, a is the angle of the torso with respect to the horizontal and m and n are calibration parameters.
8. The method as claimed in claim 1 , wherein, after obtaining the first physiological characteristic measurement, the method comprises:
analyzing a signal from the first BP measurement device to determine whether the physiological characteristic is stable; and
obtaining the second physiological characteristic measurement if the physiological characteristic is determined to be stable.
9. A computer program product comprising a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium having computer-readable code embodied therein, the computer-readable code being configured such that, on execution by a computer or processor, the computer or processor is caused to perform the method of claim 1 .
10. An apparatus for determining a calibration parameter for a first blood pressure, BP, measurement device, the apparatus comprising:
a control unit that is to be coupled to a first BP measurement device that is for obtaining physiological characteristic measurements of a physiological characteristic of a subject and for determining a blood pressure measurement of the subject from the physiological characteristic measurements, wherein the control unit is configured to:
obtain a first physiological characteristic measurement of the subject using the first BP measurement device, wherein the first physiological characteristic measurement is obtained when a torso of the subject is in a first posture;
obtain a second physiological characteristic measurement of the subject using the first BP measurement device, wherein the second physiological characteristic measurement is obtained when the torso of the subject is in a second, different, posture;
determine a change in posture of the torso of the subject from the first posture of the subject to the second posture of the subject;
estimate, without measuring, a change in a BP of the subject or a change of the physiological characteristic of the subject from the determined change in the posture of the torso of the subject; and
determine the calibration parameter for determining a future BP measurement from a future physiological characteristic measurement obtained by the first BP measurement device, based on analysis of the first physiological characteristic measurement obtained in the first posture, the second physiological characteristic measurement obtained in the second posture, and the estimated change.
11. The apparatus as claimed in claim 10 , wherein the control unit is further configured to cause the change in the posture of the torso of the subject from the first posture to the second posture after obtaining the first physiological characteristic measurement.
12. The apparatus as claimed in claim 11 , wherein the control unit is configured to cause the change in the posture by
providing an instruction or command to the subject or a care provider for the subject that the posture of the torso of the subject is to be changed; or
outputting a control signal to an actuator for a bed or chair associated with the subject to change an angle of the bed or chair.
13. The apparatus as claimed in claim 10 , wherein the control unit is configured to determine the change in the posture of the torso from the first posture to the second posture by analyzing a measurement signal from a posture sensor.
14. The apparatus as claimed in claim 10 , wherein the first BP measurement device comprises a physiological characteristic sensor for measuring the physiological characteristic of the subject, and wherein the control unit is configured to determine the change in the posture of the torso from the first posture to the second posture by analyzing a measurement signal from the physiological characteristic sensor.
15. The apparatus as claimed in claim 10 , wherein the control unit is further configured to analyze a signal from the first BP measurement device to determine whether the physiological characteristic is stable after obtaining the first physiological characteristic measurement; and to obtain the second physiological characteristic measurement if the physiological characteristic is determined to be stable.