Enzymatic production of D-allulose
The current disclosure provides a process for enzymatically converting a saccharide into allulose. The invention also relates to a process for preparing allulose where the process involves converting fructose 6-phosphate (F6P) to allulose 6-phosphate (A6P), catalyzed by allulose 6-phosphate 3-epimerase (A6PE), and converting the A6P to allulose, catalyzed by allulose 6-phosphate phosphatase (A6PP).
1. A process for preparing allulose, the process comprising:
converting fructose 6-phosphate (F6P) to allulose 6-phosphate (A6P), catalyzed by an allulose 6-phosphate epimerase (A6PE); and
converting the A6P produced to the allulose, catalyzed by an allulose 6-phosphate phosphatase (A6PP).
2. The process of claim 1 , further comprising a step of converting glucose 6-phosphate (G6P) to the F6P, wherein the step is catalyzed by a phosphoglucoisomerase (PGI).
3. The process of claim 2 , further comprising the step of converting glucose 1-phosphate (G1P) to the G6P, wherein the step is catalyzed by a phosphoglucomutase (PGM).
4. The process of claim 3 , further comprising the step of converting a saccharide to the G1P, wherein the step is catalyzed by at least one enzyme, wherein the saccharide is selected from the group consisting of a starch or derivative thereof, cellulose or a derivative thereof and sucrose.
5. The process of claim 4 , wherein the at least one enzyme is selected from the group consisting of an alpha-glucan phosphorylase (αGP), a maltose phosphorylase, a sucrose phosphorylase, a cellodextrin phosphorylase, a cellobiose phosphorylase, and a cellulose phosphorylase.
6. The process of claim 4 , wherein the saccharide is the starch or the derivative of the starch selected from the group consisting of amylose, amylopectin, soluble starch, amylodextrin, maltodextrin, maltose, and glucose.
7. The process of claim 6 , further comprising the step of converting the starch to the starch derivative wherein the starch derivative is prepared by an enzymatic hydrolysis of the starch or by an acid hydrolysis of the starch.
8. The process of claim 6 , wherein a 4-glucan transferase (4GT) is added to the process.
9. The process of claim 7 , wherein the starch derivative is prepared by the enzymatic hydrolysis of starch catalyzed by an isoamylase, a pullulanase, an alpha-amylase, or a combination thereof.
10. The process of claim 1 , further comprising:
the step of converting fructose to the F6P, wherein the step is catalyzed by the at least one enzyme; and
optionally, the step of converting sucrose to the fructose, wherein the step is catalyzed by at least one enzyme.
11. The process of claim 2 , further comprising:
the step of converting glucose to the G6P, wherein the step is catalyzed by the at least one enzyme, and optionally, the step of converting sucrose to the glucose, wherein the step is catalyzed by at least one enzyme.
12. The process of claim 1 , wherein the A6PE comprises an amino acid sequence having at least 90%, at least 95%, or at least 100% sequence identity with the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NOs.: 3 or 6.
13. The process of claim 1 , wherein the A6PP comprises an amino acid sequence having at least 90%, at least 95%, or at least 100% sequence identity with the amino acid sequence of SEQ NO.: 9.
14. The process of claim 1 , wherein the A6PP is specific for the allulose 6-phosphate.
15. The process of claim 1 , wherein the process steps are conducted at a temperature ranging from 40° C. to 70° C., at a pH ranging from 5.0 to 8.0, and/or for 8 hours to 48.
16. The process of claim 1 , wherein the process steps are conducted in a plurality of bioreactors arranged in series.
17. The process of claim 1 , wherein the process steps are conducted ATP-free, NAD(H)-free, at a phosphate concentration from 0 mM to about 150 mM, the phosphate is recycled, and/or at least one step of the process involves an energetically favorable chemical reaction.
18. The process of claim 1 , wherein the process steps are conducted in one bioreactor.