Surface structured articles and methods of making the same
Surface structured articles comprising a polymer matrix and a dispersed phase, the article having first and second opposed major surfaces, at least a portion of the first major surface is a microstructured, anisotropic surface comprises features having at least one dimension in a range from 1 micrometer to 500 micrometers, wherein the dispersed phase comprises an antimicrobial material, and wherein at least a portion of the dispersed phase is present on the microstructured, anisotropic surface. Surface structured articles are useful, for example, for marine applications (e.g., surfaces in contact with water (e.g., fresh water, ocean water)) such as boats, ships, piers, oil rigs, decks, and roofing materials.
1. A surface structured article comprising a polymer matrix and a dispersed phase, the article having first and second opposed major surfaces, wherein the article comprises a multilayer fluoropolymer film comprising in order:
a first layer comprising a first polymer, the first polymer comprising at least 35 mole percent tetrafluoroethylene comonomer, at least 15 mole percent vinylidene fluoride comonomer, and at least 5 mole percent hexafluoropropylene comonomer, based on the total mole percent of the first polymer;
a second layer comprising polyvinylidene fluoride; and
a third layer comprising a third polymer, the third polymer comprising at least 50 mole percent of a methyl methacrylate comonomer, based on the total mole percent of the third polymer, wherein at least a portion of the first major surface is a microstructured, anisotropic surface comprising features having at least one dimension in a range from 1 micrometer to 500 micrometers, wherein the dispersed phase comprises an antimicrobial material, and wherein at least a portion of the dispersed phase is present on the microstructured, anisotropic surface.
2. The surface structured article of claim 1 , wherein the antimicrobial material comprises at least one of copper, cobalt, nickel, zinc, silver, gold, platinum, copper oxide, cobalt oxide, nickel oxide, zinc oxide, silver oxide, tin oxide, tantalum oxide, zirconium oxide, titanium dioxide, copper silicate, cobalt silicate, nickel silicate, silver silicate, gold silicate, platinum silicate, zinc silicate, zirconium silicate, copper sulfide, cobalt sulfide, nickel sulfide, silver sulfide, gold sulfide, platinum sulfide, tin sulfide, zinc sulfide, tantalum sulfide, zirconium sulfide, titanium sulfide, copper halide, cobalt halide, nickel halide, silver halide, gold halide, platinum halide, tin halide, zinc halide, tantalum halide, zirconium halide, titanium halide, copper salt, cobalt salt, nickel salt, silver salt, gold salt, platinum salt, tin salt, zinc salt, tantalum salt, zirconium salt, or titanium salt.
3. The surface structured article of claim 1 , wherein the antimicrobial material comprises a polyatomic ionic material.
4. The surface structured article of claim 1 , wherein the features comprise linear prisms, and the at least one dimension is a peak to valley height of the feature, wherein the peak to valley height is in a range from 1 micrometer to 500 micrometers.
5. The surface structured article of claim 4 , wherein the peak to valley height is in a range from 25 micrometers to 75 micrometers.
6. The surface structured article of claim 4 , wherein the peak to valley height is in a range from 100 micrometers to 500 micrometers.
7. The surface structured article of claim 1 , wherein the microstructured, anisotropic surface comprises linear grooves with a peak to valley height in a range from 10 micrometers to 500 micrometers.
8. The surface structured article of claim 1 , wherein the features have a major dimension substantially collinear with a first axis and a minimum dimension substantially collinear with a second axis.
9. The surface structured article of claim 1 , wherein the features comprise ovoid shaped features.
10. The surface structured article of claim 1 , further comprising a nanostructured surface on the microstructured, anisotropic surface.
11. The surface structured article of claim 1 , wherein the microstructured, anisotropic surface comprises inorganic-organic hybrid material and polymeric material.
12. The surface structured article of claim 1 , wherein the dispersed phase comprises nanoparticles.
13. The surface structured article of claim 1 , wherein the dispersed phase has a concentration that is higher at the anisotropic surface than within the polymer matrix.
14. The surface structured article of claim 1 , wherein the article further comprises a fluorochemical repellent layer on the anisotropic surface.