CCR2+ hematopoietic stem cells mediate T cell activation in adoptive cell therapy

1. A method of treating a disease selected from cancer or an infectious disease in a subject, comprising administering to the subject having the disease adoptive cell therapy (ACT) and administering to the subject a preparation containing hematopoietic stem cells, in amounts effective to treat the disease, wherein the hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) are enriched for CCR2 positive (CCR2+) cells or precursors of CCR2+cells, and wherein the subject is not receiving an immune checkpoint inhibitor.

2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the HSCs in the preparation are lineage depleted.

3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the HSCs in the preparation are at least 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, 90%, 95%, 98% or 99% CCR2+cells or precursors of CCR2+cells.

4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the HSCs in the preparation are less than 50%, 40%, 30%, 20%, 10%, 5%, 2%, or less than 1% CCR2 negative (CCR2-) cells.

5. The method of claim 1 , wherein between 50% and 100% of the cells in the preparation are CCR2+cells or precursors of CCR2+cells.

6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the subject has been treated with radiation therapy or chemotherapy or wherein the subject is scheduled to receive radiation therapy or chemotherapy.

7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the source of hematopoietic stem cells is bone marrow, peripheral blood, umbilical cord blood, or induced pluripotent stem cells.

8. The method of claim 1 , wherein the source of hematopoietic stem cells is hematopoietic progenitor cells.

9. The method of claim 1 , wherein the source of stem cells is autologous.

10. The method of claim 1 , wherein the source of stem cells is allogeneic and the donor cells are HLA-matched to the recipient.

11. The method of claim 1 , wherein the adoptive cell therapy comprises chimeric antibody receptor (CAR)-modified T cells.

12. The method of claim 1 , wherein the disease is cancer and the cancer is melanoma, squamous cell carcinoma, basal cell carcinoma, breast cancer, head and neck carcinoma, thyroid carcinoma, soft tissue sarcoma, bone sarcoma, testicular cancer, prostatic cancer, ovarian cancer, bladder cancer, skin cancer, brain cancer, glioblastoma, medulloblastoma, ependymoma, angiosarcoma, hemangiosarcoma, mast cell tumor, primary hepatic cancer, small cell lung cancer, non-small-cell lung cancer, pancreatic cancer, gastrointestinal cancer, renal cell carcinoma, hematopoietic neoplasia, lymphoma, mesothelioma, glioblastoma, low-grade glioma, high-grade glioma, pediatric brain cancer, medulloblastoma, or a metastatic cancer thereof.

13. The method of claim 12 , wherein the cancer is metastatic or refractory melanoma or a metastatic or refractory cancer of the brain, lung, or breast.

14. The method of claim 12 , wherein the cancer is a metastatic brain cancer from non-small cell lung cancer, a metastatic brain cancer from melanoma, or a metastatic brain cancer from breast carcinoma.

15. The method of claim 12 , wherein the cancer is glioblastoma, low-grade glioma, high-grade glioma, pediatric brain cancer, or medulloblastoma.

16. The method of claim 1 , wherein the disease is an infectious disease.

17. The method of claim 16 , wherein the infectious disease is (i) a chronic infectious disease, or (ii) a hepatitis, adenovirus, BK polyoma virus, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), herpes simplex virus (HSY), respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), cytomegalovirus (CMV), Epstein-Barr vims (EBY), Influenza A, B, and/or C, vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV), vesicular stomatitis vims (VSV), Staphylococcus species including Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), or Streptococcus species including Streptococcus pneumonia infection, or a post-transplant infection.

18. The method of claim 17 , wherein the infectious disease is Hepatitis A, Hepatitis B, or Hepatitis C.

19. An improvement in a method of treating a subject with adoptive cell therapy, the improvement comprising administering to the subject a preparation containing hematopoietic stem cells, wherein the hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) are enriched for CCR2 positive (CCR2+) cells or precursors of CCR2+cells, and wherein the subject is not receiving an immune checkpoint inhibitor.

20. A kit comprising a package containing a first vessel containing T Cells for adoptive cell therapy and a second vessel containing hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs), wherein the HSCs are enriched for CCR2 positive (CCR2+) cells or precursors of CCR2+cells, and instructions for use wherein the instructions do not indicate use with an immune checkpoint inhibitor.