Systems for detection
Cell-based sensor devices, systems, and methods for the detection and identification of volatile compounds, and for the determination of the location of the source of the volatile compounds in an enclosed space are described.
1. A method for detecting and identifying a volatile compound in an air sample, comprising:
providing an air sample to a cell-based sensor device having a plurality of chambers, wherein each chamber contains a liquid medium and a plurality of cells expressing one or more cell-surface receptors, the air sample provided to a first side of a membrane and the cells on a second side of the membrane, the membrane allowing for diffusion of the volatile compound from the air sample through the membrane and into the liquid medium;
using an electrode in each chamber to measure an electrical signal resulting from a binding event between one or more of the cell-surface receptors of the cell and the volatile compound present in the air sample; and
processing the measured electrical signal to detect and identify the volatile compound.
2. The method of claim 1 wherein the cell is a neuron.
3. The method of claim 2 wherein the electrical signal comprises an action potential.
4. The method of claim 2 wherein the electrical signal comprises an excited electrical signal level that is below a threshold for an action potential.
5. The method of claim 2 wherein the electrical signals comprise a cell membrane depolarization.
6. The method of claim 2 wherein a cell in each of the plurality of chambers is genetically-modified to express the one or more cell-surface receptors.
7. The method of claim 1 wherein the membrane is a polytetrafluoroethylene membrane.
8. A method for detecting and identifying a volatile compound in an air sample, comprising:
providing an air sample to at least one sensor panel including one or more cell-based sensor devices, each cell-based sensor device having a plurality of chambers, each chamber containing a liquid medium and a plurality of cells on a membrane, the cells expressing one or more cell-surface receptors, the air sample provided to a first side of the membrane and the cells on a second side of the membrane, the volatile compound from the air sample diffusing through the membrane and into the liquid medium;
positioning an electrode in each chamber to measure an electrical signal resulting from a binding event between one or more of the cell-surface receptors and the volatile compound from the air sample; and
the electrodes electrically connected to a controller configured to receive the electrical signals, the controller storing and processing a pattern of electrical signals associated with the volatile compound to identify the volatile compound.
9. The method of claim 8 further comprising positioning a first sensor panel at a first location and positioning a second sensor panel at a second location, and determining a spatial location of a source of the volatile organic compound.
10. The method of claim 8 wherein the cells are bathed in the liquid medium.
11. The method of claim 8 further comprising injecting pressurized air into a closed mixing chamber to increase a partial pressure of the volatile organic compound above an injection liquid, and subsequently injecting at least some of the injection liquid into the plurality of chambers in one or more of the sensor panels.
12. The method of claim 8 further comprising heating the liquid medium before exposing the liquid medium to the air sample.
13. The method of claim 8 further comprising mixing the air sample with a solvent and subsequently mixing the solvent with the liquid medium.
14. The method of claim 8 wherein the membrane is a polytetrafluoroethylene membrane.