Non-aqueous electrolyte solution, non-aqueous secondary battery, cell pack, and hybrid power system
To provide a non-aqueous electrolyte solution, a non-aqueous secondary battery, a cell pack, and a hybrid power system, capable of improving desired battery performance using acetonitrile, the non-aqueous electrolyte solution contains acetonitrile, lithium salt, and cyclic acid anhydride.
1. A non-aqueous secondary battery comprising:
a positive electrode having a positive-electrode active material layer formed on one surface or both surfaces of a current collector;
a negative electrode having a negative-electrode active material layer formed on one surface or both surfaces of a current collector; and
a non-aqueous electrolyte solution,
wherein the non-aqueous electrolyte solution contains acetonitrile, lithium salts, cyclic acid anhydride, and cyclic carbonate without saturated secondary carbon,
wherein the non-aqueous secondary battery contains a compound having at least one functional group selected from a group consisting of —N═, —NH 4 , —N═O, —NH—NH—, and (NO 3 )-dissolved in the non-aqueous electrolyte solution in an amount of up to 0.3 mass % of the non-aqueous electrolyte solution,
wherein the non-aqueous secondary battery has a capacity retention rate of 70% or higher, the capacity retention rate being calculated by dividing a 5 C discharge capacity by a 1 C discharge capacity after a storage test for 4 hours at 85° C.,
wherein the compound having at least one functional group selected from a group consisting of —N═, —NH 4 , —N═O, —NH—NH—, and (NO 3 )— protects a surface of the positive electrode exposed to the non-aqueous electrolyte solution.
2. The non-aqueous secondary battery according to claim 1 , wherein the positive-electrode active material is a lithium-containing composite metal oxide expressed as Li z MO 2 , wherein M contains Ni and one or more metal elements selected from a group consisting of Mn, Co, Al, and Mg, a content of the Ni element is more than 50%, and z is a number greater than 0.9 and smaller than 1.2.
3. The non-aqueous secondary battery according to claim 1 , wherein a gas generation amount in a storage test at 60° C. for 200 hours is 0.008 ml or less per 1 mAh.
4. The non-aqueous secondary battery according to claim 1 , wherein a resistance increase rate in a full-charge storage test at 60° C. for 720 hours is 400% or lower.
5. A cell pack comprising the non-aqueous secondary battery according to claim 1 , wherein the positive-electrode active material layer contains a lithium-containing compound including Fe,
wherein the negative-electrode active material layer contains graphite or at least one or more elements selected from a group consisting of Ti, V, Sn, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Zn, Al, Si, and B,
wherein the non-aqueous electrolyte solution contains cyclic carbonate without saturated secondary carbon,
wherein the cyclic carbonate without saturated secondary carbon includes at least one selected from a group consisting of ethylene carbonate and vinylene carbonate,
wherein the non-aqueous secondary battery is configured by connecting one module or two or more modules, in which the module is obtained by connecting four cells in series, in parallel or the non-aqueous secondary battery is configured by connecting four modules, in which the module is obtained by connecting two or more cells in parallel, in series,
wherein an operation voltage range per cell is within a range of 1.8 to 3.7 V,
wherein an average operation voltage is within a range of 2.5 to 3.5 V, and
wherein the module is mounted with a battery management system (BMS).
6. A hybrid power system obtained by combining the cell pack according to claim 5 , and a module or cell pack having a secondary battery other than a lithium ion battery.
7. A cell pack comprising the non-aqueous secondary battery according to claim 1 , wherein the positive-electrode active material layer contains a lithium-containing compound including Fe,
wherein the negative-electrode active material layer contains graphite or at least one or more elements selected from a group consisting of Ti, V, Sn, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Zn, Al, Si, and B,
wherein the non-aqueous electrolyte solution contains cyclic carbonate without saturated secondary carbon,
wherein the cyclic carbonate without saturated secondary carbon is at least one selected from a group consisting of ethylene carbonate and vinylene carbonate,
wherein the cell pack is configured by connecting one or more cell packs in parallel on the basis of Formula (2) and Formula (3), in which the number of cells and the number of modules of the non-aqueous secondary battery are defined, or the non-aqueous secondary battery is configured by connecting modules on the basis of Formula (2) and Formula (3), the module being obtained by connecting two or more cells in parallel,
wherein an operation voltage range per cell is within a range of 1.8 to 3.7 V,
wherein an average operation voltage is within a range of 2.5 to 3.5 V, and
wherein the module is mounted with a battery management system (BMS),
Formula (2): Number of cells connected in series per module (X): X=2, 4, 8, or 16, and
Formula (3): Number of modules connected in series per cell pack (Y): Y=16/X.
8. A hybrid power system comprising the cell pack according to claim 7 , and a module or cell pack having a secondary battery other than a lithium ion battery in combination.
9. The non-aqueous secondary battery according to claim 1 , wherein the non-aqueous electrolyte solution does not contain propylene carbonate.
10. The non-aqueous secondary battery according to claim 1 , wherein a nitrogen concentration of the compound includes 0.5 to 20 atomic %.