Non-invasive methods for skin sample collection and analysis
Provided herein are methods and kits for collecting and/or detecting biological materials from the skin of subjects. Methods and kits for determining a biological profile of a target skin site of subjects are also provided herein.
1. A non-invasive method for collecting biological materials from the skin of a subject, the method comprising:
(a) contacting a target skin site of a subject with each of a first set of adhesive tapes, one following another, to allow a first set of biological materials from stratum corneum of the subject the target skin site to adhere to the first set of the adhesive tapes; and
(b) contacting, after (a), the same target skin site of the subject with each of a second set of adhesive tapes, one following another, to allow a second set of biological materials from an epidermis layer below stratum corneum of the target skin site to adhere to the second set of the adhesive tapes;
wherein each of the adhesive tapes in the first set and the second set comprises a water-soluble adhesive layer attached to a substrate.
2. The method of claim 1 , further comprising:
(c) contacting, after (b), the same target skin site of the subject with each of a third set of adhesive tapes one following another, to allow a third set of biological materials from the target skin site to adhere to the third set of the adhesive tapes, wherein each of the adhesive tapes in the third set comprises a water-soluble adhesive layer attached to a substrate.
3. The method of claim 2 , wherein the third set of the biological materials comprises biological materials from an epidermis layer below stratum corneum of the subject.
4. The method of claim 3 , further comprising determining a presence of host biological materials from the second and/or third sets of the biological materials.
5. The method of claim 4 , wherein the determining step comprises analyzing for the presence of biological materials from keratinocytcs, or wherein the determining step comprises amplifying host nucleic acids in the second and/or third sets of the biological materials, and analyzing the amplified nucleic acids.
6. The method of claim 4 , wherein the biological materials comprise cells, polypeptides, nucleic acids, lipids, small molecules, or a combination thereof.
7. The method of claim 2 , wherein the contacting step (c) is performed immediately after the contacting step (b).
8. The method of claim 1 , wherein the first set of the adhesive tapes, the second set of the adhesive tapes, and/or the third set of the adhesive tapes each contain 2-5 tapes.
9. The method of claim 1 , wherein the substrate is a water-soluble substrate.
10. The method of claim 9 , wherein the water-soluble substrate comprises cellulose.
11. The method of claim 1 , wherein the water-soluble adhesive layer comprises a water-soluble polymer.
12. The method of claim 11 , wherein the water-soluble polymer comprises a water-soluble acrylic polymer.
13. The method of claim 1 , wherein the adhesive tapes in the first set, the second set, and the third set are made of the same material.
14. The method of claim 1 , wherein the subject is a human subject having atopic dermatitis.
15. The method of claim 14 , wherein the subject is a child or an adult.
16. The method of claim 1 , wherein the target site is a lesional site.
17. The method of claim 1 , wherein the target site is a non-lesional site.
18. The method of claim 1 , further comprising determining a presence of microbial biological materials in the first set of the biological materials.
19. The method of claim 18 , wherein the determining step comprises analyzing for the presence of biological materials from bacteria, virus, and/or fungus.
20. The method of claim 19 , wherein the biological materials comprise cells, polypeptides, nucleic acids, lipids, small molecules, or a combination thereof.
21. The method of claim 20 , wherein the determining step comprises culturing microbial cells isolated from the first set of biological materials, or wherein the determining step comprises amplifying microbial nucleic acids from the first set of biological materials and analyzing the amplified nucleic acids.
22. The method of claim 1 , further comprising analyzing for the presence of lipids from the first set, second set, and/or third set of the biological materials.
23. The method of claim 1 , wherein the contacting step (b) is performed immediately after the contacting step (a).
24. A method for determining a biological material profile of a target skin site of a subject, the method comprising:
(a1) providing a first set of adhesive tapes, which comprises a first set of biological materials from stratum corneum of a target skin site of a subject;
(a2) analyzing for the presence of at least one microbial biological material from the first set of the biological materials;
(b1) providing a second set of adhesive tapes, which comprises a second set of biological materials from an epidermis layer below stratum corneum of the target skin site of the subject, wherein the second set of the biological materials is collected after collection of the first set of the biological materials; and
(b2) analyzing for the presence of at least one host biological material from the second set of the biological materials;
wherein each of the adhesive tapes in the first set and the second set comprises a water-soluble adhesive layer attached to a substrate.
25. A non-invasive method for collecting biological materials from the skin of a subject, the method comprising:
(a) contacting a target skin site of a subject with each of a first set of adhesive tapes, one following another, to allow a first set of biological materials from stratum corneum of the subject target skin site to adhere to the first set of the adhesive tapes; and
(b) after step (a), contacting the same target skin site of the subject with each of a second set of adhesive tapes, one following another, to allow a second set of biological materials from an epidermis layer below stratum corneum of the target skin site to adhere to the second set of the adhesive tapes;
(c) analyzing the first set of the biological materials for the presence of at least one microbial biological material from the first set of adhesive tapes; and
(d) in a step separate from step (c), analyzing the second set of the biological materials for the presence of at least one host biological material from the second set of adhesive tapes,
wherein each of the adhesive tapes in the first set and the second set comprises a water-soluble adhesive layer attached to a substrate.