Curable thermosetting resin compositions with improved mechanical properties
A polymeric particle has an average diameter from 300 nm to 1000 nm and includes an outer layer, containing a cross-linked polymer A, and a first inner layer, containing a cross-linked polymer B, distinct from the cross-linked polymer A. The cross-linked polymer A is obtainable by emulsion polymerisation of a reaction mixture including at least one (meth)acrylic monomer, a cross-linking monomer A, a polymerisation initiator and a chain transfer agent.
1 : A polymeric particle, having an average diameter from 300 nm to 1000 nm, comprising:
an outer layer comprising a cross-linked polymer A, and
a first inner layer comprising a cross-linked polymer B distinct from the cross-linked polymer A,
wherein the cross-linked polymer A is obtainable by emulsion polymerisation of a reaction mixture comprising at least one (meth)acrylic monomer, a cross-linking monomer A, a polymerisation initiator and a chain transfer agent.
2 : The polymeric particle according to claim 1 , wherein the polymeric particle comprises
from 50.0 wt.-% to 10.0 wt.-% of the cross-linked polymer A; and
from 50.0 wt.-% to 90.0 wt.-% of the cross-linked polymer B, based on the weight of the polymeric particle.
3 : The polymeric particle according to claim 1 , wherein
the cross-linked polymer A comprises repeating units derived from:
from 65.0 wt.-% to 90.0 wt.-% of at least one C 1-8 -alkyl methacrylate or aralkyl methacrylate;
from 34.0 wt.-% to 5.0 wt.-% of at least one C 1-8 -alkyl acrylate; and
from 0.1 wt.-% to 5.0 wt.-% of the cross-linking monomer A, based on the weight of the cross-linked polymer A; and/or
the cross-linked polymer B comprises repeating units derived from:
at least 60.0 wt.-% of at least one C 1-8 -alkyl acrylate; and
0.1 wt.-% to 10.0 wt.-% of a cross-linking monomer B, based on the weight of the cross-linked polymer B.
4 : The polymeric particle according to claim 1 , wherein
the cross-linked polymer B has a glass transition temperature Tg from −80° C. to −20° C. and
the cross-linked polymer A has a glass transition temperature Tg from 50° C. to 120° C. or a glass transition temperature Tg from −10° C. to 50° C.
5 : The polymeric particle according to claim 1 , wherein
the cross-linked polymer A comprises repeating units derived from:
from 75.0 wt.-% to 80.0 wt.-% of methyl methacrylate;
from 23.0 wt.-% to 17.0 wt.-% of ethyl acrylate; and
from 1.0 wt.-% to 2.0 wt.-% of allyl methacrylate, based on the weight of the cross-linked polymer A; and/or
the cross-linked polymer B comprises repeating units derived from:
from 96.5 wt.-% to 99.5 wt.-% of butyl acrylate; and
from 1.0 wt.-% to 2.0 wt.-% of allyl methacrylate, based on the weight of the cross-linked polymer B.
6 : The polymeric particle according to claim 1 , wherein the polymeric particle has an average diameter from 320 nm to 700 nm.
7 : The polymeric particle according to claim 1 , wherein the chain transfer agent is a compound having at least one thiol group.
8 : The polymeric particle according to claim 1 , wherein the reaction mixture comprises from 0.1 wt.-% to 0.5 wt.-% of the chain transfer agent, based on the weight of the cross-linked polymer A.
9 : A process for the preparation of the polymeric particles according to claim 1 , the process comprising:
(a) forming the first inner layer comprising the cross-linked polymer B; and
(b) forming the outer layer comprising the cross-linked polymer A distinct from the cross-linked polymer B,
wherein (b) is carried out by emulsion polymerisation of the reaction mixture comprising the at least one (meth)acrylic monomer, the cross-linking monomer A, the polymerisation initiator, and the chain transfer agent, and
wherein the polymeric particles are obtained in (b) in form of an aqueous dispersion.
10 : The process for the preparation of the polymeric particles according to claim 9 , wherein the process further comprises:
(c) processing, by a method selected from the group consisting of freeze coagulation, spray drying, lyophilization and salting out, the aqueous dispersion obtained in (b) to give the polymeric particles in form of a powder.
11 : A thermosetting resin concentrate, comprising:
the polymeric particles according to claim 1 , dispersed in a thermosetting resin.
12 : The thermosetting resin concentrate according to claim 11 , wherein the thermosetting resin is an epoxy resin.
13 : A process for the preparation of the thermosetting resin concentrate according to claim 11 , wherein the process comprises:
(a) forming the first inner layer comprising the cross-linked polymer B;
(b) forming the outer layer comprising the cross-linked polymer A distinct from the cross-linked polymer B, wherein (b) is carried out by emulsion polymerisation of reaction mixture comprising the at least one (meth)acrylic monomer, the cross-linking monomer A, the polymerisation initiator, and the chain transfer agent, and
wherein the polymeric particles are obtained in form of an aqueous dispersion;
(c) freeze coagulation, spray drying, lyophilisation or salting out of the aqueous dispersion obtained in (b), wherein the polymeric particles are isolated in form of a powder; and
(d) dispersing the powder obtained in (c) in the thermosetting resin.
14 : A curable thermosetting resin composition, comprising:
the polymeric particles according to claim 1 .
15 : A cured thermosetting resin composition, comprising:
the polymeric particles according to claim 1 , dispersed in a matrix of a cured thermosetting resin.
16 : The polymeric particle according to claim 7 , wherein the chain transfer agent is at least one compound selected from the group consisting of thioglycolic acid, pentaerythritol tetrathioglycolate, 2-mercaptoethanol, 2-ethylhexylthioglycolate, and a C 1-20 -alkyl thiol.
17 : The polymeric particle according to claim 16 , wherein the chain transfer agent is at least one C 1-20 -alkyl thiol selected from the group consisting of n-dodecylthiol and tert-dodecylthiol.