Electroporation system and method of energizing a catheter

1. A catheter for delivering electroporation, the catheter comprising:

a distal section configured to be positioned in a vein within a body, the vein defining a central axis; and

an electrode assembly coupled to the distal section, the electrode assembly comprising:

a structure configured to at least partially contact the vein, and

a plurality of electrodes distributed about the structure, each electrode of the plurality of electrodes configured to be selectively energized to form a circumferential ring of energized electrodes that is concentric with the central axis of the vein, wherein a subset of the plurality of electrodes that forms the circumferential ring is configured to be selected by a computing system coupled to the catheter by automatically determining, based on detected respective positions of the plurality of electrodes, which of the plurality of electrodes form an approximately circular or ellipsoid closed path, wherein the computing system is configured to automatically determine which of the plurality of electrodes form an approximately circular or ellipsoid closed path by:

approximating the catheter as an ellipsoid;

identifying a plane that is approximately orthogonal to the central axis of the vein;

computing an intersection between the ellipsoid and the identified plane; and

selecting electrodes of the plurality of electrodes that are within a threshold distance of the computed intersection.

2. The catheter of claim 1 , wherein the structure comprises a balloon around which the plurality of electrodes are distributed.

3. The catheter of claim 1 , wherein the structure comprises a basket having a plurality of splines along which the plurality of electrodes is distributed.

4. The catheter of claim 3 , wherein the plurality of splines define first and second poles at which the plurality of splines join, and wherein the plurality of electrodes are concentrated away from the first and second poles.

5. The catheter of claim 1 , wherein the circumferential ring of energized electrodes is non-circular.

6. An electroporation system comprising:

a catheter comprising an electrode assembly configured to be positioned in a vein of a body, the vein defining a central axis, the electrode assembly comprising:

a structure configured to at least partially contact the vein, and

a plurality of electrodes distributed about the structure, each electrode of the plurality of electrodes configured to be individually energized;

a direct current (DC) energy source coupled to the catheter and configured to selectively energize a subset of electrodes of the plurality of electrodes; and

a computing system coupled to the catheter and the DC energy source, the computing system configured to:

detect respective positions of the plurality of electrodes within the vein, and

select the subset of electrodes to form a circumferential ring of energized electrodes that is concentric with the central axis of the vein, the computing system configured to select the subset of electrodes by automatically determining, based on the detected respective positions, which of the plurality of electrodes form an approximately circular or ellipsoid closed path, wherein the computing system is configured to automatically determine which of the plurality of electrodes form an approximately circular or ellipsoid closed path by:

approximating the catheter as an ellipsoid;

identifying a plane that is approximately orthogonal to the central axis of the vein;

computing an intersection between the ellipsoid and the identified plane; and

selecting electrodes of the plurality of electrodes that are within a threshold distance of the computed intersection.

7. The electroporation system of claim 6 , wherein the computing system further comprises a visualization system configured to display the respective positions of the plurality of electrodes with respect to the vein.

8. The electroporation system of claim 7 , wherein the visualization system is further configured to render a three-dimensional display.

9. The electroporation system of claim 7 , wherein the computing system further comprises a user interface configured to enable user selection of the subset of electrodes.

10. The electroporation system of claim 6 , wherein the computing system is further configured to detect respective contact of the plurality of electrodes with the vein.

11. A method of energizing a catheter, the method comprising:

positioning a distal section of the catheter relative to a central axis in space, the distal section comprising a plurality of electrodes distributed about a structure, the structure at least partially surrounding the central axis;

determining respective locations of the plurality of electrodes relative to the central axis;

selecting, using a computing device, a subset of electrodes from among the plurality of electrodes by automatically detecting, based on the determined respective locations, which of the plurality of electrodes form an approximately circular or ellipsoid closed path, the subset of electrodes forming a circumferential ring of electrodes that is concentric with the central axis, wherein the computing device is configured to automatically detect which of the plurality of electrodes form an approximately circular or ellipsoid closed path by:

approximating the catheter as an ellipsoid;

identifying a plane that is approximately orthogonal to the central axis of the vein;

computing an intersection between the ellipsoid and the identified plane; and

selecting electrodes of the plurality of electrodes that are within a threshold distance of the computed intersection; and

energizing the subset of electrodes.

12. The method of claim 11 further comprising displaying the respective positions of the plurality of electrodes on a visualization system.

13. The method of claim 11 , wherein the catheter comprises a basket catheter, the method further comprising expanding the basket catheter relative to the central axis after positioning the distal section.

14. The method of claim 11 , wherein energizing the subset of electrodes comprises:

generating a direct current (DC) signal;

conducting the DC signal through the catheter to the subset of electrodes; and

de-energizing remaining electrodes of the plurality of electrodes.

15. The method of claim 11 , wherein the catheter comprises a balloon catheter, the method further comprising expanding the balloon catheter relative to the central axis after positioning the distal section.