Artificial dielectric isolator for THz radiation
An isolator based on a waveguide-based artificial dielectric medium is scalable to a range of desired terahertz frequencies, has non-reciprocal transmission and provides low insertion loss and high isolation at various tunable terahertz frequencies, far exceeding the performance of other terahertz isolators, and rivaling that of commercial optical isolators based on the Faraday effect. This approach offers a promising new route for polarization control of free-space terahertz beams in various instrumentation applications. Artificial dielectrics are man-made media that mimic properties of naturally occurring dielectric media, or even manifest properties that cannot generally occur in nature. A simple and effective strategy implements a polarizing-beam-splitter and a quarter wave plate to form a highly effective isolator. Performance of the device is believed to exceed that of any other experimentally demonstrated method for isolation of back-reflections for terahertz beams.
1. A device comprising a quarter wave plate (QWP) fabricated with an artificial dielectric formed of thin spaced-apart metal plates,
wherein plates define orientation of a plane at 45° to an input vertical polarization of a process beam from a polarizing beam splitter (PBS) fabricated using artificial dielectrics,
such that half of an input energy will propagate via a TEM mode and another half via a TE 1 mode such that two orthogonal polarization components acquire a one-pass relative phase of 90° at a certain frequency and a return pass relative phase of 180° upon passing back to effectively rotate a polarization axis of a reflected beam by 90°, rendering it horizontally polarized, so it is diverted in an off-axis direction by the PBS and isolated from an input-beam path, the QWP given a 12-degree tilt with respect to a beam axis.
2. The device comprising the quarter wave plate according to claim 1 , wherein the thin spaced-apart metal plates are 30 μm thick stainless steel plates with a plate spacing of 1 mm in one design (QWP 1 ),
or a spacing of 0.8 mm in another design (QWP 2 ) for terahertz signals comprising an array of spaced apart parallel and flat stainless steel plates oriented in a plane arranged and positioned in relation to the polarizing beam splitter (PBS) to pass a beam of defined polarization state with low insertion loss,
from an input device including a THz laser or an amplifier or a transmitter/receiver,
while isolating and protecting the input device from back reflection, thereby allowing operation with one or more of enhanced signal quality, reliability, long term stability, long lifetime or low noise.
3. The device comprising the quarter wave plate according to claim 1 , wherein the thin spaced-apart metal plates of the QWP are dimensioned to define a propagation path length d and plate spacing b to produce a 90 degree phase shift at a THz frequency f given by f=0.5cd[(1/b) 2 +(0.5/d) 2 ] where c is a free space velocity.