Genetically modified mouse expressing human APOE4 and mouse Trem2 p.R47H and methods of use thereof
Genetically modified mice characterized by one or more symptoms or signs associated with expression of human APOE4p and mouse Trem2p and relevant to non-familial late-onset Alzheimer's disease are provided wherein the genome of the mouse includes: 1) a DNA sequence encoding a human APOE4 protein (APOE4p) operably linked to a promoter; and 2) a DNA sequence encoding a mouse Trem2 protein having a mutation p,R47H (Trem2p) operably linked to a promoter, such that the mouse expresses human APOE4p and mouse Trem2p. Methods ace provided for screening for a compound for use in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease using such genetically modified mice.
1. A mouse whose genome comprises: (a) a genetically modified endogenous apolipoprotein E (apoE) allele comprising a nucleic acid encoding a humanized apolipoprotein E4 APOE4 protein (APOE4p), wherein the nucleic acid encoding the humanized APOE4p comprises exon 1 of the mouse ApoE4 gene, and exons 2-4 of the human APOE4 gene; and (b) a genetically modified endogenous allele comprising a nucleic acid encoding a mouse triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2 (TREM2) protein modified to include a R47H substitution (TREM2p) relative to mouse wild type TREM2, wherein the mouse is homozygous for the modified apoE allele encoding the human APOE4p and is homozygous for the modified apoE allele encoding the mouse TREM2p, and the mouse exhibits one or more signs of non-familial late-onset Alzheimer's disease associated with expression of the human APOE4p and the mouse TREM2p.
2. The mouse of claim 1 , wherein the one or more signs of non-familial late-onset Alzheimer's disease are selected from APOE4-dependent alterations in cholesterol metabolism, cerebrovascular leakage, and inflammation, relative to a control mouse that does not comprise the nucleic acid encoding a human APOE4p and the nucleic acid encoding a mouse TREM2p.
3. The mouse of claim 1 , wherein one or more of the following genes is differentially expressed in the mouse, relative to a control mouse that does not comprise the nucleic acid encoding a human APOE4p and the nucleic acid encoding a mouse TREM2p: Pcsk2, Mapk10, Mapk9, Prkcq, Slc18a2, Plcb2, Slc6a4, Gng2, Prkcq, Akt3, Gnao1, Plcb3, Arrb2, 116, Myh10, Gng2, Cnr1, Stx1a, Arrb2, Unc13a, Cdk5, Calb1, Slc6a4, Gria4, Cnr1, Thy1, Mapk10, Hcn1, Cdk5, Chl1, Il6, Mapk9, Myh10, Uchl1, Cnr1, Amph, Cdk5, Calb1, Chl1, Slc6a4, Chmp2b, Akt3, Mapk10, Mapk9, Casp7, Prkcq, Cnr1, Slc18a2, and Gnao1.
4. The mouse of claim 2 , wherein the one or more signs of non-familial late-onset Alzheimer's disease is APOE4-dependent alterations in cholesterol metabolism.
5. The mouse of claim 2 , wherein the one or more signs of non-familial late-onset Alzheimer's disease is cerebrovascular leakage.
6. The mouse of claim 2 , wherein the one or more signs of non-familial late-onset Alzheimer's disease is inflammation.