Concentrated solar photovoltaic and photothermal system
The present invention provides a hybrid, concentrating photovoltaic-solar thermal (CPV/T) system and components thereof, and methods for converting solar energy to electricity at high efficiencies while capturing and storing solar thermal energy for later deployment.
1. A concentrated solar photovoltaic and photothermal system, comprising:
a solar concentrator having a focal point;
a photovoltaic module located near the focal point, the photovoltaic module having a first side facing toward the solar concentrator and a second side facing away from the solar concentrator, the photovoltaic module being at least partially transparent to infrared light;
a thermoplate formed from first and second metal sheets welded to each other to create a structured channel and a plurality of dimples that mix heat-transfer fluid flowing within the structured channel;
an inlet port through which heat transfer fluid flows into the structured channel; and
an outlet port through which heat transfer fluid flows out of the structured channel;
wherein:
the thermoplate forms a receiving aperture that faces the second side of the photovoltaic module and through which infrared light from the photovoltaic module passes; and
the second metal sheet forms an interior cavity that absorbs, and converts into thermal heat, the infrared light passing through the receiving aperture; and
the thermoplate is thermally isolated from the photovoltaic module to reduce heat flow therebetween.
2. The concentrated solar photovoltaic and photothermal system of claim 1 , wherein the structured channel forms one of a serpentine flow path and a manifold flow path.
3. The concentrated solar photovoltaic and photothermal system of claim 1 , wherein the thermoplate further comprises a longitudinal axis and a plurality of structured channels forming a flow path perpendicular to the longitudinal axis.
4. The concentrated solar photovoltaic and photothermal system of claim 1 , wherein:
the thermoplate comprises a conical shape or a pyramidal shape; and
the receiving aperture is a base of said conical shape or pyramidal shape.
5. The concentrated solar photovoltaic and photothermal system of claim 1 , wherein the thermoplate is comprised of a nickel-based alloy.
6. The concentrated solar photovoltaic and photothermal system of claim 1 , wherein the interior cavity is coated with a high absorptivity surface treatment.
7. The concentrated solar photovoltaic and photothermal system of claim 1 , wherein the plurality of dimples are arranged along the structured channel with a pitch that is greater than 10 millimeters or less than 5 millimeters.
8. The concentrated solar photovoltaic and photothermal system of claim 1 , further comprising an insulator located between the photovoltaic module and the thermoplate, the insulator forming at least part of the receiving aperture and thermally isolating the photovoltaic module from the thermoplate.
9. The concentrated solar photovoltaic and photothermal system of claim 8 , wherein the receiving aperture allows at least some of the infrared light passing through the photovoltaic module to enter the interior cavity.
10. The concentrated solar photovoltaic and photothermal system of claim 9 , the photovoltaic module and insulator forming at least a partial seal of the receiving aperture.
11. The concentrated solar photovoltaic and photothermal system of claim 1 , further comprising a thermal energy storage unit connected to the thermoplate via the inlet port and outlet port.
12. A method for thermal heat generation, comprising:
concentrating sunlight into concentrated solar light using the solar concentrator of the concentrated solar photovoltaic and photothermal system of claim 1 ;
transmitting the concentrated solar light into the photovoltaic module of the concentrated solar photovoltaic and photothermal system;
transmitting an infrared portion of the concentrated solar light that is unabsorbed by the photovoltaic module out of the photovoltaic module and through the receiving aperture formed by the thermoplate of the concentrated solar photovoltaic and photothermal system;
converting, with the interior cavity of the thermoplate, the infrared portion passing through the receiving aperture into thermal energy;
conducting the thermal energy from the interior cavity into heat-transfer fluid flowing through the structured channel formed by the thermoplate; and
mixing, with the plurality of dimples of the thermoplate, the heat transfer fluid as it flows through the structured channel.
13. The method of claim 12 , further comprising flowing the heat-transfer fluid into the structured channel via the inlet port.
14. The method of claim 12 , further comprising flowing the heat-transfer fluid out of the structured channel via the outlet port.
15. The method of claim 12 , further comprising steering the concentrated solar light onto the first side of the photovoltaic module.
16. The method of claim 12 , further comprising thermally isolating the thermoplate from the photovoltaic module.
17. The method of claim 12 , further comprising storing the thermal energy in a thermal energy storage unit.
18. The method of claim 12 , wherein said converting includes converting the infrared portion using a high absorptivity surface treatment coating the interior cavity.
19. The method of claim 16 , wherein said thermally isolating includes thermally isolating the thermoplate from the photovoltaic module using an insulator located between the thermoplate and the photovoltaic module.