Absorption cycle apparatus and related method
An absorption cycle apparatus including a working fluid is presented. The working fluid includes a metal halide, water and a zwitterion additive, wherein the zwitterion additive includes an amino acid, 2,2′-[(phosphonomethyl)imino]diaceticacid, 3-[(2-hydroxyethyl)amino]-1-propanesulfonic acid, or combinations thereof. A method of controlling crystallization in a working fluid of an absorption cycle apparatus is also presented.
1. An absorption cycle apparatus, comprising:
an absorption cooling system; and
a working fluid comprising a metal halide, water, and a zwitterion additive, wherein the zwitterion additive comprises aspartic acid, 2,2′-[(phosphonomethyl)imino] diacetic acid, 3-[(2-hydroxyethyl)amino]-1-propanesulfonic acid, or combinations thereof.
2. The absorption cycle apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the metal halide comprises a lithium halide, a calcium halide, or a combination thereof.
3. The absorption cycle apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the metal halide comprises lithium chloride, lithium bromide, calcium chloride, or combinations thereof.
4. The absorption cycle apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the zwitterion additive is present in the working fluid in an amount in a range from about 100 parts per million to about 100000 parts per million.
5. The absorption cycle apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the zwitterion additive is present in the working fluid in an amount in a range from about 0.1 weight percent to about 10 weight percent of the metal halide.
6. The absorption cycle apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the metal halide is lithium bromide, and a crystallization temperature of lithium bromide in the working fluid is less than 10° C. at a concentration of about 64 weight percent of the working fluid.
7. The absorption cycle apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the absorption cycle apparatus is an absorption chiller, an absorption heater, or a thermal energy storage apparatus.
8. The absorption cycle apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the working fluid consists of the metal halide, water, the zwitterion additive, optionally a corrosion inhibitor, optionally an alkaline treating agent, and optionally an antifoaming agent.
9. An absorption cycle apparatus, comprising:
an absorption cooling system; and
a working fluid comprising lithium bromide, water, and aspartic acid.
10. The absorption cycle apparatus of claim 9 , wherein aspartic acid is present in the working fluid in an amount in a range from about 1000 parts per million to about 50000 parts per million.
11. The absorption cycle apparatus of claim 9 , wherein the working fluid consists of lithium bromide, water, aspartic acid, optionally a corrosion inhibitor, optionally an alkaline treating agent, and optionally an antifoaming agent.
12. A method of controlling crystallization in a working fluid of an absorption cycle apparatus comprising an absorption cooling system, comprising:
introducing a zwitterion additive to the working fluid, wherein the working fluid comprises a metal halide and water, and the zwitterion additive comprises aspartic acid, 2,2′-[(phosphonomethyl)imino] diacetic acid, 3-[(2-hydroxyethyl)amino]-1-propanesulfonic acid, or combinations thereof.
13. The method of claim 12 , wherein the metal halide comprises a lithium halide, a calcium halide, or a combination thereof.
14. The method of claim 12 , wherein the metal halide comprises lithium chloride, lithium bromide, calcium chloride, or combinations thereof.
15. The method of claim 12 , wherein the zwitterion additive is introduced in the working fluid in an amount in a range from about 100 parts per million to about 100000 parts per million.
16. The method of claim 12 , wherein the zwitterion additive is introduced in the working fluid in an amount in a range from about 0.1 weight percent to about 10 weight percent of the metal halide.
17. The method of claim 12 , wherein the metal halide is lithium bromide present at a concentration of about 64 weight percent of the working fluid, and a crystallization temperature of lithium bromide in the working fluid is lowered by at least 5° C. after introduction of the zwitterion additive to the working fluid.
18. The method of claim 12 , wherein the absorption cycle apparatus is an absorption chiller, an absorption heater, or a thermal energy storage apparatus.
19. The method of claim 12 , wherein, after the introduction of the zwitterion additive to the working fluid, the working fluid consists of the metal halide, water, the zwitterion additive, optionally a corrosion inhibitor, optionally an alkaline treating agent, and optionally an antifoaming agent.