Anti-microbial and osteointegration nanotextured surfaces
Disclosed is a medical device having a substrate having an exposed surface and a texture over at least part of the exposed surface. The texture includes a plurality of nanofeatures that inhibit bacterial adhesion on the surface and that also inhibit bacterial growth on the surface and have a size range between about 0.01 nanometers and about 1,000 nanometers. The texture can include a plurality of nanofeatures applied thereto such that the texture has a first particle size at a first location, a second particle size at a second location, and a gradient of particle size from the first particle size to the second particle size between the first location and the second location.
1. A medical device comprising:
a substrate having an exposed surface; and
a texture over at least part of the exposed surface, the texture comprising a plurality of nanofeatures, the nanofeatures inhibiting bacterial adhesion on the surface,
wherein the nanofeatures are formed on the substrate, and
wherein the nanofeatures comprise a first size range on the substrate and a second size range, smaller than the first size range, on top of the first size.
2. The medical device according to claim 1 , wherein the nanofeatures promote osteointegration.
3. The medical device according to claim 1 , wherein the nanofeatures have a size range between about 0.1 nanometers and about 1,000 nanometers.
4. The medical device according to claim 3 , wherein the nanofeatures have a size range between about 20 nanometers and about 50 nanometers.
5. The medical device according to claim 3 , wherein the nanofeatures have a size range between about 0.1 nanometers and about 10 nanometers.
6. The medical device according to claim 1 , wherein the texture comprises an oxide.
7. The medical device according to claim 6 , wherein the oxide comprises a titanium oxide.
8. The medical device according to claim 1 , wherein the texture further comprises deposition of an oxide.
9. The medical device according to claim 8 , wherein the oxide comprises a titanium oxide.
10. The medical device according to claim 1 , wherein the nanofeatures are generally spherical in shape.
11. The medical device according to claim 1 , wherein the nanofeatures are irregularly shaped.
12. The medical device according to claim 1 , wherein the nanofeatures are generally elongated in shape.
13. The medical device according to claim 1 , wherein the nanofeatures are nanotubes.
14. The medical device according to claim 1 , wherein the texture further comprises a coating.
15. The medical device according to claim 1 , wherein the texture comprises a surface etching.
16. The medical device according to claim 1 , wherein the substrate comprises a metallic material.
17. The medical device according to claim 1 , wherein the substrate comprises a non-metallic material.
18. The medical device according to claim 1 , wherein the nanofeatures are randomly distributed on the substrate.
19. The medical device according to claim 1 , wherein the surface is texturized.
20. A medical device comprising:
a substrate having an exposed surface; and
a texture over at least part of the exposed surface, the texture comprising a plurality of nanofeatures, the nanofeatures inhibiting bacterial adhesion on the surface,
wherein the plurality of nanofeatures comprise a first plurality of nanoparticles having a first size range attached to the surface and a second plurality of nanoparticles having a second size range, different from the first size range, on top of the first plurality of nanoparticles.
21. The medical device according to claim 20 , wherein the first plurality of nanoparticles has a first shape and wherein the second plurality of nanoparticles has a second shape, different from the first shape.
22. The medical device according to claim 20 , wherein the first plurality of nanoparticles enhances osteoconductivity and wherein the second plurality of nanoparticles enhances anti-bacterial properties.