Identification and analysis of protein biomarkers
Protein biomarkers may be used to rapidly and accurately diagnose stroke. Biomarkers may be utilized in a rapid and inexpensive test that could be used at the bedside or ambulatory setting to definitively indicate the presence or absence of stroke and its severity. Such a test would quickly stratify patients in need of immediate stroke treatment from those who are not having a stroke. The test may aid emergency personnel in the decision for the most appropriate treatment plan and treatment location, thereby minimizing morbidity and mortality of stroke patients.
1. A method for identifying and treating a patient suffering from a stroke comprising: (a) obtaining a sample of blood from the patient; (b) detecting whether the sample of blood includes two or more protein biomarkers constituting a first biomarker panel and the two or more protein biomarkers of the first biomarker panel include at least contactin-1 and TRY3, wherein the presence of the two or more protein biomarkers of the first biomarker panel confirms the stroke; and (c) treating the patient, treating the patient comprising, upon determining that the patient is suffering from the stroke, treating the patient with tissue plasminogen activator or mechanical thrombectomy.
2. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the sample of blood is venous blood.
3. The method according to claim 1 , wherein detecting the two or more protein biomarkers of the first biomarker panel is selected from one or a combination of immunoassay, protein microarray, western blotting, mass spectroscopy, and flow-cytometry analytics.
4. The method according to claim 3 , wherein the detecting includes contacting the sample of blood or an isolate from the sample of blood with at least one antibody that is specific for each of the two or more protein biomarkers of the first biomarker panel.
5. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the detecting further includes detecting two or more additional protein biomarkers constituting a second biomarker panel; the two or more additional protein biomarkers are selected from the group consisting of Activin A, Activin AB, AMNLS, AMPK a1b1g1, AMPM2, BMP-14, BMX, b-NGF, C3b, C5, C9, CAMK2B, CAMK2D, CD70, CDK5/p35, cIAP-2, CK-BB, CLC7A, CLF-1/CLC Complex, COLEC12, CRK, DC-SIGN, DSC3, Dtk, eIF-5, ENPP7, EPHA3, ER, ERP29, FABPL, FGF23, FGFR-2, Fibrinogen g-chain dimer, GAPDH, GDF-11, GDF2, GNS, GSK-3 alpha/beta, H31, HAI-1, HB-EGF, HGH, hnRNP K, HTRA2, iC3b, IL-18 BPa, IL-1F8, IL-7 Ra, KI2L4, KI3L2, KLRF1, KYNU, LKHA4, LRRT1, M2-PK, MK11, MMP-1, MMP-13, MMP-17, MMP-7, MO2R1, MRC2, NANOG, NKp30, NR1D1, NSE, NSF1C, N-terminal pro-BNP, OAS1, PDGFRA, PIGF, PPID, prostatic binding protein, PSME3, RASA1, RET, SEPR, SHP-2, sICAM-5, Spot 44, SREC-II, tau, TCCR, TECK, TFPI, TGF-b3, TGM3, TYK2, UB2G2, Ubiquitin+1, UFC1, VEGF sR2, VEGF sR3, vWF, WNT7A, Thyroxine Binding Globulin (TGB), Coagulation Factor V, and combinations thereof; and the two or more additional protein biomarkers are distinct from the two or more protein biomarkers of the first biomarker panel, and wherein the detected levels of each of the two or more additional protein biomarkers constituting the second biomarker panel is indicative of the patient suffering from the stroke.
6. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the patient presents with the symptoms of transient ischemic attack.
7. The method according to claim 5 , wherein the second biomarker panel includes GDF-11, Dtk, and TGM3 or ENPP7, Thyroxine Binding Globulin (TGB), and Coagulation Factor V.
8. The method according to claim 5 , wherein the detecting further includes detecting two or more further additional protein biomarkers constituting a third biomarker panel, and wherein the detected levels of each of the two or more additional protein biomarkers constituting the third biomarker panel is indicative of the patient suffering from the stroke.
9. The method according to claim 8 , wherein the first biomarker panel includes contactin-1 and TRY3, the second biomarker panel includes GDF-11, Dtk, and TGM3, and the third biomarker panel includes ENPP7, Thyroxine Binding Globulin (TGB), and Coagulation Factor V.