Biological and algae harvesting and cultivation systems and methods
Algae harvesting and cultivating systems and methods for producing high concentrations of algae product with minimal energy. In an embodiment, an algae harvesting method is provided for performing dead-end filtration in an algae harvesting system having at least one treatment tank defining a plurality of filtration stages including at least a first filtration stage and a second filtration stage. An algae medium is pulled through the hollow fiber membranes such that a retentate and a permeate are produced.
1. An algae harvesting method for performing dead-end filtration in an algae harvesting system having a cultivator and harvester, the harvester including at least one treatment tank defining a plurality of filtration stages including at least a first filtration stage and a second filtration stage, the first filtration stage having a first plurality of hollow fiber membranes positioned inside the at least one treatment tank and the second filtration stage having a second plurality of hollow fiber membranes positioned inside the at least one treatment tank, the method comprising:
transferring an algae slurry from the cultivator to the harvester;
in a dead-end filtration process, pulling permeate at the first filtration stage from the algae slurry through pores of the first plurality of hollow fiber membranes at a first flux so that the permeate flows inside the lumens of the first a plurality of hollow fiber membranes and a first retentate is produced outside the lumens of the first plurality of hollow fiber membranes;
flowing the first retentate from the first filtration stage to the second filtration stage;
in a dead-end filtration process, pulling at the second filtration stage a permeate from the first retentate through pores of the second plurality of hollow fiber membranes at a second different flux so that a second retentate is produced outside the lumens of the second plurality of hollow fiber membranes, the second retentate having greater than 1% concentration of suspended solid algae.
2. The algae harvesting method of claim 1 , wherein first flux is greater than the second flux.
3. The algae harvesting method of claim 1 , wherein a total outside filtration area of the first plurality of hollow fiber membranes is different from a total outside filtration area of the second plurality of hollow fiber membranes.
4. The algae harvesting method of claim 1 ,
which includes, in a backwash sequence, pushing a backwash fluid through the pores of at least one of the first or second plurality of hollow fiber membranes to remove any foulants that have accumulated on said at least one of the first or second plurality of hollow fiber membranes,
wherein the backwash sequence includes (i) an interval of less than about three minutes, the interval including the time between the start of one backwash cycle and the start of a next backwash cycle, and (ii) an off-line period of less than about twelve seconds.
5. The algae harvesting method of claim 1 ,
which includes, in a backwash sequence, pushing a backwash fluid through pores of the first and second plurality of hollow fiber membranes to remove any foulants that have accumulated on the first and second plurality of hollow fiber membranes; and
wherein the backwash sequence includes:
(i) an interval having a first interval in the first filtration stage and a second different interval in the second filtration stage, the first interval including the time between the start of one backwash cycle in the first filtration stage and the start of a next backwash cycle in the first filtration stage, and the second interval including the time between the start of one backwash cycle in the second filtration stage and the start of a next backwash cycle in the second filtration stage, or
(ii) an off-line period including a first off-line period in the first filtration stage and a second different off-line period in the second stage.
6. The algae harvesting method of claim 5 , wherein (i) the second interval is shorter than the first interval, or (ii) the second off-line period is shorter than the off-line period.
7. The algae harvesting method of claim 5 , which includes automatically adjusting at least one of the off-line period or the interval for the backwash sequence based upon a reading of at least one concentration sensor located in the harvester.
8. The algae harvesting method of claim 4 , which includes automatically adjusting at least one of the off-line period or the interval for the backwash sequence based upon at least one fouling characteristic of the algae slurry.
9. The algae harvesting method of claim 4 , wherein (i) the algae slurry is a non-flocculated algae slurry having a first concentration of suspended solid algae, and (ii) the second retentate has a second concentration of suspended solid algae that is greater than the first concentration, the second concentration equal to at least three percent.
10. The algae harvesting method of claim 1 , wherein (i) the algae slurry is a non-flocculated algae slurry having a first concentration of suspended solid algae, and (ii) the second retentate has a second concentration of suspended solid algae that is about fifty times greater than the first concentration.
11. The algae harvesting method of claim 1 , wherein at least about seventy-five percent of the suspended algae in the second retentate is alive.
12. The algae harvesting method of claim 4 , wherein said pulling during the dead-end filtration process includes siphoning.
13. The algae harvesting method of claim 12 , which includes purging any gas during the backwash sequence by discharging gas in a permeate or siphon conduit.
14. The algae harvesting method of claim 4 , wherein said pushing during the backwash sequence includes gravity feeding the backwash fluid.
15. The algae harvesting method of claim 1 , wherein (a) the at least one treatment tank includes a first treatment tank and a second treatment tank, the first plurality of hollow fiber membranes positioned inside the first treatment tank and the second plurality of hollow fiber membranes positioned inside the second treatment tank, or (b) at least one divider separating the treatment tank into the first and second filtration stages.
16. An algae harvesting method for performing dead-end filtration in an algae harvesting system having at least one treatment tank defining a plurality of filtration stages including at least a first filtration stage and a second filtration stage, the first filtration stage having a first plurality of hollow fiber membranes positioned inside the at least one treatment tank and the second filtration stage having a second plurality of hollow fiber membranes positioned inside the at least one treatment tank, the method comprising:
in a dead-end filtration process, pulling permeate at the first filtration stage from a non-flocculated algae slurry through pores of the first plurality of hollow fiber membranes at a first flux so that the permeate flows inside the lumens of the first a plurality of hollow fiber membranes and a first retentate is produced outside the lumens of the first plurality of hollow fiber membranes;
flowing the first retentate from the first filtration stage to the second filtration stage;
in a dead-end filtration, pulling at the second filtration stage a permeate from the algae slurry first retentate through pores of the second plurality of hollow fiber membranes at a second different flux so that a second retentate is produced outside the lumens of the second plurality of hollow fiber membranes, the second retentate having a second concentration of suspended solid algae, wherein the second concentration is at least 1% concentration of the suspended solid algae.
17. The algae harvesting method of claim 16 , wherein the non-flocculated algae slurry at the first filtration stage has a first concentration of suspended solid algae, and wherein the second concentration is greater than the first concentration.
18. An algae harvesting method for performing dead-end filtration in an algae harvesting system having at least one treatment tank defining a plurality of filtration stages including at least a first filtration stage and a second filtration stage, the first filtration stage having a first plurality of hollow fiber membranes positioned inside the at least one treatment tank and the second filtration stage having a second plurality of hollow fiber membranes positioned inside the at least one treatment tank, the method comprising:
in a dead-end filtration process, pulling permeate at the first filtration stage from a non-flocculated algae slurry having a first concentration of suspended solid algae through pores of the first plurality of hollow fiber membranes at a first flux so that the permeate flows inside the lumens of the first a plurality of hollow fiber membranes and a first retentate is produced outside the lumens of the first plurality of hollow fiber membranes;
flowing the first retentate from the first filtration stage to the second filtration stage;
in a dead-end filtration process, pulling at the second filtration stage a permeate from the algae slurry first retentate through pores of the second plurality of hollow fiber membranes at a second different flux so that a second retentate is produced outside the lumens of the second plurality of hollow fiber membranes, the second retentate having a second concentration of suspended solid algae, the second concentration greater than the first concentration and being at least 1% suspended solid algae.
19. The algae harvesting method of claim 18 ,
which includes, in a backwash sequence, pushing a backwash fluid through the pores of at least one of the first or second plurality of hollow fiber membranes to remove any foulants that have accumulated on said at least one of the first or second plurality of hollow fiber membranes,
wherein the backwash sequence includes (i) an interval of less than about three minutes, the interval including the time between the start of one backwash cycle and the start of a next backwash cycle, and (ii) an off-line period of less than about twelve seconds.
20. The algae harvesting method of claim 18 , wherein the second concentration is equal to at least three percent.