Oxidative coupling of methane implementations for olefin production
The present disclosure provides oxidative coupling of methane (OCM) systems for small scale and world scale production of olefins. An OCM system may comprise an OCM subsystem that generates a product stream comprising C 2+ compounds and non-C 2+ impurities from methane and an oxidizing agent. At least one separations subsystem downstream of, and fluidically coupled to, the OCM subsystem can be used to separate the non-C 2+ impurities from the C 2+ compounds. A methanation subsystem downstream and fluidically coupled to the OCM subsystem can be used to react H 2 with CO and/or CO 2 in the non-C 2+ impurities to generate methane, which can be recycled to the OCM subsystem. The OCM system can be integrated in a non-OCM system, such as a natural gas liquids system or an existing ethylene cracker.
1. A method for producing hydrocarbon compounds including two or more carbon atoms (C 2+ compounds), the method comprising:
(a) performing an oxidative coupling of methane (OCM) reaction in an OCM reactor to produce an OCM effluent stream comprising carbon dioxide (CO 2 ), carbon monoxide (CO), hydrogen (H 2 ), one or more C 2+ compounds, and methane (CH 4 );
(b) separating the OCM effluent stream into a first stream comprising at least some of the one or more C 2+ compounds and a second stream comprising carbon monoxide (CO), CO 2 , H 2 , and CH 4 ;
(c) directing a first portion of the second stream and an air stream to a gas compressor, and burning the first portion of the second stream to compress the air stream to produce a compressed air stream;
(d) separating the compressed air stream in an air separation unit (ASU) into a third stream comprising O 2 and a fourth stream comprising N 2 ; and
(e) feeding the third stream to the OCM reactor.
2. The method according to claim 1 , further comprising:
methanating a second portion of the second stream to produce a methanated stream comprising CH 4 formed from the H 2 and CO and/or CO 2 in the second portion of the second stream; and
directing a first portion of the methanated stream to the OCM reactor.
3. The method according to claim 2 , further comprising directing a second portion of the methanated stream into a natural gas pipeline.
4. The method according to claim 1 , further comprising:
directing the OCM effluent stream to a heat recovery steam generator (HRSG) system; and
with the HRSG system, transferring heat from the OCM effluent stream to a water stream to produce steam.
5. The method according to claim 1 , further comprising:
transferring heat from the OCM effluent stream in a first heat exchanger, thereby cooling the OCM effluent stream;
wherein step (b) comprises demethanizing the OCM effluent in a demethanizer to produce the first stream and the second stream;
compressing a second portion of the second stream, thereby heating the second portion of the second stream, and subsequently in a second heat exchanger transferring heat from the second portion of the second stream, thereby cooling the second portion of the second stream;
separating the second portion of the second stream in a phase separation unit to produce a liquid stream and a vapor stream; and
transferring heat from the liquid stream in a third heat exchanger and subsequently directing the liquid stream into the demethanizer.
6. The method according to claim 5 , further comprising:
expanding the vapor stream, thereby cooling the vapor stream; and
transferring heat to the vapor stream in the third heat exchanger, the second heat exchanger, and/or the first heat exchangers, thereby heating the vapor stream.
7. The method according to claim 5 , further comprising:
expanding a third portion of the second stream, thereby cooling the third portion of the second stream; and
transferring heat to the third portion of the second stream in the third heat exchanger, the second heat exchanger, and/or the first heat exchanger, thereby heating the third portion of the second stream.
8. The method according to claim 1 , further comprising:
transferring heat from the OCM effluent stream in a first heat exchanger, thereby cooling the OCM effluent stream;
wherein step (b) comprises demethanizing the OCM effluent in a demethanizer to produce the first stream and the second stream;
compressing a second portion of the second stream, thereby heating the second portion of the second stream, and subsequently transferring heat from the second portion of the second stream in a second heat exchanger, thereby cooling the second portion of the second stream;
separating the second portion of the second stream in a first phase separation unit to produce a first liquid stream and a first vapor stream;
expanding the first vapor stream, thereby cooling the first vapor stream and subsequently transferring heat to the first vapor stream in the second heat exchanger and/or the first heat exchanger, thereby heating the first vapor stream;
sub-cooling and flashing the first liquid stream to produce a two-phase stream;
separating the two-phase stream in a second phase separation unit to produce a second liquid stream and a second vapor stream; and
directing the second liquid stream into the demethanizer.
9. The method according to claim 1 , further comprising:
transferring heat from the OCM effluent stream in a first heat exchanger and a second heat exchanger downstream of the first heat exchanger with respect to a flow direction of the OCM effluent stream, thereby cooling the OCM effluent stream;
wherein step (b) comprises demethanizing the OCM effluent in a demethanizer to produce the first stream and the second stream;
expanding a second portion of the second stream, thereby cooling the second portion of the second stream;
transferring heat to the second portion of the second stream in the second heat exchanger and the first heat exchanger downstream of the second heat exchanger with respect to a flow direction of the second portion of the second stream, thereby heating the second portion of the second stream; and
feeding the second portion of the second stream from the first heat exchanger into the OCM reactor.
10. The method according to claim 1 , further comprising:
transferring heat from the OCM effluent stream in a first heat exchanger and subsequently expanding the OCM effluent stream, thereby cooling the OCM effluent stream;
wherein step (b) comprises demethanizing the OCM effluent in a demethanizer to produce the first stream and the second stream;
transferring heat to a second portion of the second stream in a second heat exchanger and the first heat exchanger downstream of the second heat exchanger with respect to a flow direction of the second portion of the second stream, thereby heating the second portion of the second stream;
compressing a third portion of the second stream and, in a phase separation unit, separating the third portion of the second stream into a liquid stream and a vapor stream; and
directing the liquid stream through the second heat exchanger and into the demethanizer.
11. The method according to claim 10 , further comprising expanding the vapor stream to cool the vapor stream.
12. The method according to claim 10 , further comprising transferring heat to the vapor stream in the second heat exchanger and the first heat exchanger.
13. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the OCM reaction generates heat, and wherein the method further comprises generating electrical power from said heat.
14. The method according to claim 13 , wherein said heat is converted to steam and said steam is converted to power in a steam turbine.
15. An oxidative coupling of methane (OCM) system for producing olefins comprising:
(a) an OCM subsystem that (i) takes as input a feed stream comprising methane (CH 4 ) and a feed stream comprising an oxidizing agent, and (ii) generates a product stream comprising C 2 + compounds and non-C 2 + impuritiesfrom the CH 4 and the oxidizing agent in at least one OCM reactor comprised in the OCM subsystem;
(b) a separation subsystem fluidically coupled to the OCM subsystem that separates the product stream into (i) a first stream comprising C 2+ compounds and (ii) a second stream comprising carbon monoxide (CO) hydrogen (H 2 ), carbon dioxide (CO 2 ), and CH 4 ; and
(c) an air separation unit (ASU) housing a gas turbine combined cycle (GTCC) unit fluidically coupled to the separation subsystem and to the OCM subsystem, wherein the GTCC unit is configured to accept a first portion of the second stream to burn as fuel for driving a compressor that provides compressed air to the ASU, and wherein the ASU is configured to separate the compressed air into an oxygen (O 2 ) stream and a nitrogen (N 2 ) stream and to direct the O 2 stream to the OCM subsystem.
16. The system according to claim 15 , further comprising a methanation subsystem fluidically coupled to the separation subsystem and to the OCM subsystem, wherein the methanation subsystem is configured to convert H 2 and CO 2 and/or CO into CH 4 from a second portion of the second stream.
17. The system according to claim 16 , further comprising a heat recovery steam generator (HRSG) system fluidically and/or thermally coupled to the OCM subsystem, wherein the HRSG system is configured to transfer heat from the product stream to a water stream to produce steam.
18. The system according to claim 15 , wherein the OCM subsystem comprises at least one post-bed cracking unit within said at least one OCM reactor or downstream of said at least one OCM reactor, wherein the post-bed cracking unit is configured to convert at least a portion of alkanes in the product stream to alkenes.