Manipulator apparatus, methods, and systems with at least one cable
A manipulator apparatus for manipulating an article is disclosed. The apparatus includes an arm including a connecting end and a working end, an arm actuator coupled with the connecting end by an arm linkage, a lift actuator coupled with the connecting end, an end effector coupled with the working end by a rotatable connection, the end effector having an engagement orientation relative to the working end, and at least one cable coupled between the connecting end of the arm and the rotatable connection. The arm actuator is operable to cause the arm linkage to move the working end until the end effector engages an article in the engagement orientation; the lift actuator is operable to cause the connecting end to lift the working end, the end effector, and the article; and the cable is coupled to transmit movement of the connecting end to the rotatable connection to maintain the engagement orientation of the end effector.
1. A manipulator apparatus for manipulating an article comprising:
an arm comprising a connecting end and a working end;
an arm actuator coupled with the connecting end by an arm linkage;
a lift actuator coupled with the connecting end;
an end effector coupled with the working end by a rotatable connection, the end effector having an engagement orientation relative to the working end; and
at least one cable coupled between the connecting end of the arm and the rotatable connection;
wherein:
the arm actuator is operable to cause the arm linkage to move the working end until the end effector engages the article in the engagement orientation;
the lift actuator is operable to cause the connecting end to lift the working end, the end effector, and the article; and
the at least one cable is coupled to transmit movement of the connecting end to the rotatable connection to maintain the engagement orientation of the end effector while lifting such that an orientation of the article is maintained when being lifted.
2. The apparatus of claim 1 , further comprising:
a rearward anchor approximate to the connecting end; and
a forward anchor approximate to the working end,
wherein the at least one cable is engaged with the rearward and forward anchors so that a rotation of the rearward anchor causes an opposite rotation of the forward anchor.
3. The apparatus of claim 2 , wherein
the at least one cable is enclosed within a housing that guides the at least one cable between the forward and rearward anchors; and
the at least one cable moves relative to the housing to transfer forces between the rearward and forward anchors.
4. The apparatus of claim 2 , wherein the at least one cable comprises a rearward cable that rotates the rearward anchor and a forward cable that rotates the forward anchor.
5. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein:
the end effector comprises opposing end effector segments; and
the opposing end effector segments are operable to engage the article.
6. The apparatus of claim 5 , wherein the opposing end effector segments are deflected apart from one another by the article when engaging the article in the engagement orientation.
7. The apparatus of claim 6 , wherein the opposing end effector segments exert a resilient retaining force to the article after being deflected apart.
8. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the arm linkage comprises a linear actuator operable to cause the working end to move relative to the connecting end.
9. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein:
the arm is a first arm;
the apparatus comprises:
a second arm including a second connecting end and a second working end; and
a second end effector coupled with the second working end by a second rotatable connection; and
the arm linkage maintains a parallel alignment of the working end with the second working end while moving the working to engage the article from.
10. The apparatus of claim 9 wherein,
the articles comprises a plant container; and
the end effector of the arm and the second end effector of the second arm are operably configured to engage the plant container from opposing sides.
11. The apparatus of claim 9 , wherein the arm linkage comprises a parallelogram linkage that maintains the parallel alignment of the working end with the second working end.
12. The apparatus of claim 9 , wherein the end effector is linearly movable relative to the working end in a direction towards the second working end.
13. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein the end effector comprises at least one motion operated sensor disposed to generate an engagement signal indicative of a state of engagement of the end effector.
14. The apparatus of claim 13 further comprising a controller operably configured to monitor the engagement signal and to produce an error signal when one of:
the engagement signal indicates that the end effector is in the state of engagement prior to engaging or lifting the article;
the engagement signal indicates that the end effector is not in the state of engagement while lifting the article; or
the engagement signal changes state from indicating that the end effector is in the state of engagement to not being in the state of engagement while lifting the article.
15. The apparatus of claim 13 wherein the at least one motion operated sensor comprises one of a limit switch, a proximity detector, a force sensor, or a strain gauge.
16. The apparatus of claim 13 wherein the engagement signal produced by the at least one motion operated sensor comprises one of:
a signal having a first state indicative of the end effector being in the state of engagement and a second state indicative of the end effector not being in the state of engagement; or
a signal having a plurality of values indicative of a degree of engagement of the end effector.