Flexible sensor technology
A system and method (referred to as a method) to fabricate sensors and electronic circuits. The method prints a first thin-film having an electronic conductivity of about less than a millionth of a Siemens per meter and a permalloy directly onto the first thin-film. The permalloy has a magnetic permeability greater than a predetermined level and has a thickness within a range of about 1 to 20 microns. The system prints a second thin-film directly onto the permalloy to encapsulate the permalloy onto the first thin-film and prints conductive traces directly onto the surfaces of the first-thin-film, the permalloy, and the second thin-film. In some applications, a sensor is packaged in an additively manufactured three-dimensional cylindrical shape that can be mounted on or is a unitary part of a current carrying conductor without incising, sharing, or severing (e.g., cutting) the current carrying conductor or its insulation.
1. A method a fabricating an electrical circuit, comprising:
printing a first thin-film having an electronic conductivity of less than a millionth of a siemens/m;
printing a permalloy directly onto the first thin-film having a magnetic permeability greater than a predetermined level having a thickness within a range of about 1 to 20 microns;
printing a second thin-film directly onto the permalloy to encapsulate the permalloy onto the first thin-film; and
printing a plurality of conductive traces directly onto a plurality of surfaces of the first-thin-film, the permalloy, and the second thin-film to render a current sensor.
2. The method of claim 1 where the first thin-film has a thickness of about 1-100 microns.
3. The method of claim 1 were the first thin-film and the second thin-film has a thickness in the range of 1 to 20 microns.
4. The method of claim 1 where the predetermined level ranges from about 100-100,000.
5. The method of claim 1 where the conductive traces are formed from an aerosolized silver.
6. The method of claim 1 where the conductive traces are formed from an aerosolized copper.
7. The method of claim 1 further comprising sintering the plurality of conductive traces by applying a single wavelength or broad wavelength energy directly to the plurality of conductive traces without striking the first thin-film, the second thin-film, and the permalloy.
8. The method of claim 1 further comprising curing the conductive traces at a low thermal temperature.
9. The method of claim 1 further comprising printing a plurality of thermal conductive fins on the current sensor as it is rendered.
10. The method of claim 1 further comprising printing a thermal conductive cylindrical element on the current sensor as it is rendered.
11. The method of claim 1 where the plurality of conductive traces is printed continuously in a helix like shape.
12. An electrical system comprising:
a first thin-film having an electronic conductivity of less than a millionth of a siemens per meter;
a permalloy directly printed onto the first thin-film having a magnetic permeability greater than a predetermined level having a thickness within a range of about 1 to 20 microns;
a second thin-film printed directly onto the permalloy that encapsulates the permalloy onto the first thin-film; and
a plurality of conductive traces printed directly onto a plurality of surfaces of the first-thin-film, the permalloy, and the second thin-film.
13. The system of claim 12 where the first thin-film has a thickness of about 1-100 microns.
14. The system of claim 12 were the first thin-film and the second thin-film has a thickness in the range of 1 to 20 microns.
15. The system of claim 12 where the predetermined level ranges from about 100-100,000.
16. The system of claim 12 where the conductive traces are formed from an aerosolized silver.
17. The system of claim 12 where the conductive traces are formed from an aerosolized copper.
18. The system of claim 12 where the plurality of conductive traces is sintered onto the first thin-film.
19. The system of claim 12 where the first thin-film, the permalloy, and the second thin-film are a unitary part of a plurality of thermal conductive fins.
20. The system of claim 12 where the first thin-film, the permalloy, and the second thin-film are a unitary part of a thermal conductive cylindrical element.
21. A method a fabricating a sensor mounted to a cable without incising, shearing, or severing the cable, comprising:
printing a first thin-film having an electronic conductivity of less than a millionth of a siemens/m in a first cylindrical form;
printing a permalloy directly onto the cylindrical form of the first thin-film having a magnetic permeability greater than a predetermined level having a thickness within a range of about 1 to 20 microns in a second cylindrical form;
printing a second thin-film directly onto the second cylindrical form of the permalloy to encapsulate the permalloy onto the first thin-film in a third cylindrical form;
printing a plurality of conductive traces directly onto a plurality of surfaces of the first-thin-film, the permalloy, and the second thin-film in a fourth cylindrical form to render a current sensor; and
printing a third film onto the conductive traces to encapsulate the current sensor, the third thin film forming a fin structure that surrounds the cable and that absorbs and dissipates heat produced by the sensor and the cable the sensor it is mounted to;
where the conductive traces are wrapped around a portion of the cable that it monitors; and
where the first thin film, the second thin film, and the third thin film comprise a thermoplastic or thermosetting plastic and the the first cylindrical form, the second cylindrical form, and the third cylindrical form include a longitudinal opening sized to receive the cable in a co-axial alignment and protect a portion of the cable from environmental surroundings.