Influenza virus-like particle production in plants
A method of producing a virus like particle (VLP) in a plant comprising modified hemagglutinin is provided. The method comprises introducing a nucleic acid comprising a regulatory region active in the plant and operatively linked to a nucleotide sequence encoding a modified influenza hemagglutinin (HA) protein into the plant, or portion of the plant, the modified HA protein comprises a modified proteolytic loop. Followed by incubating the plant or portion of the plant under conditions that permit the expression of the nucleic acids, thereby producing the VLP. The modified proteolytic loop may comprise one or more protease cleavage sites exhibiting reduced or abolished cleavage by a protease. The nucleotide sequence encoding the HA may be selected from the group consisting of B HA, C, H1, H2, H3, H4, H5, H6, H7, H8, H9, H10, H11, H12, H13, H14, H15, and H16. Also described is a virus like particle (VLP) produced by the method, and plants expressing the VLP. The virus like particle (VLP) may comprise plant-specific N-glycans, or modified N-glycans.
1. A modified influenza type B hemagglutinin (HA) comprising a fully deleted proteolytic loop between subunits HA1 and HA2, the fully deleted proteolytic loop characterized as comprising a monobasic cleavage site, wherein the modified influenza type B HA does not comprise the B/Brisbane/60/2008 strain.
2. The modified influenza HA of claim 1 , wherein the modified influenza HA is derived from an unmodified B HA comprising 90-100% sequence identity to a sequence defined by SEQ ID NO:54.
3. The modified influenza HA of claim 1 , wherein the monobasic cleavage site is recognized by a Clara-like protease.
4. The modified influenza HA of claim 3 , wherein the Clara-like protease is tryptase Clara or trypsin/chymotrypsin.
5. The modified influenza HA of claim 1 , wherein the monobasic cleavage site comprises amino acid sequence KER, PAK or a combination thereof.
6. The modified influenza HA of claim 1 , wherein the proteolytic loop is fully replaced by a linker sequence.
7. A virus like particle (VLP) comprising the modified influenza HA defined in claim 1 .
8. A virus like particle (VLP) comprising the modified influenza HA defined in claim 2 .
9. A plant comprising the modified influenza HA of claim 1 .
10. A plant comprising the VLP of claim 7 .
11. A plant comprising the VLP of claim 8 .
12. A composition comprising an effective dose of the VLP of claim 7 for inducing an immune response, and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.
13. A vaccine comprising an effective dose of the composition of claim 12 for inducing an immune response.
14. A method of inducing immunity to an influenza virus infection in a subject, comprising administering the composition of claim 12 .
15. The method of claim 14 , wherein the composition is administered to a subject orally, intradermally, intranasally, intramuscularly, intraperitoneally, intravenously, or subcutaneously.