Hybrid metallic/composite tube design to transfer bending, axial, and flexural shear
A tube arrangement includes a composite tube defining a centerline axis, wherein the composite tube comprises a proximal surface and a distal surface, and an end fitting comprising a first end disposed within the composite tube and a second end extending from the composite tube, wherein an outer surface of the end fitting defines a flared portion defining a terminus of the first end, a lobe portion disposed axially from the flared portion, and a terminating portion disposed axially from the lobe portion, the proximal surface conforms to a geometry of the outer surface of the end fitting, the lobe portion and the flared portion mechanically lock the end fitting to the composite tube to mitigate movement of the end fitting relative to the composite tube.
1. A tube arrangement, comprising:
a composite tube defining a centerline axis, wherein the composite tube comprises a proximal surface and a distal surface; and
an end fitting comprising a first end disposed within the composite tube and a second end extending from the composite tube;
wherein an outer surface of the end fitting defines a flared portion defining a terminus of the first end, a lobe portion disposed axially from the flared portion, and a terminating portion disposed axially from the lobe portion, the terminating portion defines a second flared portion, the second flared portion defining a concave fitting surface, wherein the concave fitting surface is rounded, the composite tube terminates at the terminating portion, and the composite tube comprises a rounded, flared proximal surface terminating at the terminating portion.
2. The tube arrangement of claim 1 , wherein an axial length of the flared portion is between 0.3 and 0.7 times a maximum diameter of the flared portion.
3. The tube arrangement of claim 1 , wherein an axial length of the lobe portion is between 0.6 and 1.2 times a maximum diameter of the lobe portion.
4. The tube arrangement of claim 1 , wherein an axial length of the terminating portion is between 0.2 and 0.6 times a minimum diameter of the terminating portion.
5. The tube arrangement of claim 1 , wherein an axial length between a terminus of the end fitting and a terminus of the terminating portion is between one and three times a maximum diameter of the flared portion.
6. A tube arrangement, comprising:
a composite tube defining a centerline axis, wherein the composite tube comprises a proximal surface and a distal surface; and
an end fitting comprising a first end disposed within the composite tube and a second end extending from the composite tube;
wherein an outer surface of the end fitting defines a flared portion defining a terminus of the first end, a lobe portion disposed axially from the flared portion, and a terminating portion disposed axially from the lobe portion,
the proximal surface conforms to a geometry of the outer surface of the end fitting,
the lobe portion and the flared portion mechanically lock the end fitting to the composite tube to mitigate movement of the end fitting relative to the composite tube,
the lobe portion defines an annular ridge disposed around the end fitting, the annular ridge is oriented orthogonal with respect to the centerline axis.
7. The tube arrangement of claim 6 , wherein the annular ridge defines a first convex fitting surface.
8. The tube arrangement of claim 1 , wherein an annular groove is formed into the proximal surface of the composite tube, the annular groove receives the lobe portion.
9. The tube arrangement of claim 8 , wherein the annular groove defines a concave tube surface.
10. The tube arrangement of claim 1 , wherein an annular protrusion is formed into the proximal surface of the composite tube, the annular protrusion is in contact with the lobe portion and the flared portion.
11. The tube arrangement of claim 10 , wherein the annular protrusion defines a convex tube surface.
12. The tube arrangement of claim 11 , wherein the terminating portion defines a concave fitting surface.
13. The tube arrangement of claim 12 , wherein the concave fitting surface is rounded.
14. The tube arrangement of claim 13 , wherein the composite tube terminates at the terminating portion.
15. The tube arrangement of claim 1 , wherein the flared portion defines a second convex fitting surface.
16. The tube arrangement of claim 1 , wherein a combined axial length of the flared portion, the lobe portion, and the terminating portion is between one and three times a maximum diameter of the flared portion.
17. The tube arrangement of claim 1 , wherein the end fitting is monolithic.
18. A method for manufacturing a tube arrangement, comprising:
disposing a composite material about an end fitting to form a composite tube defining a centerline axis;
wherein the composite tube comprises a proximal surface and a distal surface, and the end fitting comprises a first end disposed within the composite tube and a second end extending from the composite tube;
wherein an outer surface of the end fitting defines a flared portion defining a terminus of the first end, a lobe portion disposed axially from the flared portion, and a terminating portion disposed axially from the lobe portion;
the proximal surface conforms to a geometry of the outer surface of the end fitting; and
the lobe portion and the flared portion mechanically lock the end fitting to the composite tube to mitigate movement of the end fitting relative to the composite tube,
the lobe portion defines an annular ridge disposed around the end fitting, the annular ridge is oriented orthogonal with respect to the centerline axis.
19. The method of claim 18 , wherein the composite tube terminates at the terminating portion.