Branched anodes for microbial fuel cells
Disclosed are anode electrode structures for microbial fuel cell (MFC) devices, systems and methods for treating wastewater and generating electrical energy through a bioelectrochemical waste-to-energy conversion process. In some aspects, an anode electrode includes a conductive core and a plurality of sheets of conductive textile material wound around the conductive core. In some aspects, the anode electrode is produced by cutting sheets of a conductive textile material to form a stem and a plurality of branches connected to the stem. The conductive textile material is pretreated to enhance the surface area, hydrophilicity, microbial attachment, and/or electrochemical activity of the conductive textile material. The sheets are stacked together and wound around a conductive core to produce the anode electrode. In implementations, the anode electrode can be used to transfer electrons removed from wastewater surrounding the branched electrode via an oxidation reaction on the electrode surface within the an MFC device.
1. An anode electrode, comprising:
a plurality of sheets of a conductive textile material, wherein each of the plurality of sheets includes a stem portion and a plurality of branch portions integrally coupled to the stem portion; and
a conductive core, wherein the plurality of sheets are wound around the conductive core and the branch portions of the plurality of sheets extend away from the conductive core.
2. The anode electrode of claim 1 , wherein conductive textile material comprises a woven carbon material.
3. The anode electrode of claim 2 , wherein the woven carbon material comprises carbon fiber.
4. The anode electrode of claim 1 , wherein the sheets of the conductive textile material include a rectangular shape.
5. The anode electrode of claim 1 , wherein the sheets of the conductive textile material include a length of in a range of 2 cm to 1 meter and a width in a range of 2 cm to 30 cm.
6. The anode electrode of claim 1 , wherein the conductive core comprises a wire.
7. An anode electrode, comprising:
a plurality of sheets of a conductive textile material, wherein each of the plurality of sheets includes a stem portion and a plurality of branch portions integrally coupled to the stem portion; and
a conductive core, wherein the plurality of sheets are wound around the conductive core and the branch portions of the plurality of sheets extend away from the conductive core,
wherein the stem portion includes a first side and a second side opposing the first side, wherein the branch portions are coupled to the opposing first and second sides.
8. The anode electrode of claim 7 , wherein conductive textile material comprises a woven carbon material.
9. The anode electrode of claim 8 , wherein the woven carbon material comprises carbon fiber.
10. The anode electrode of claim 7 , wherein the sheets of the conductive textile material include a rectangular shape.
11. The anode electrode of claim 7 , wherein the sheets of the conductive textile material include a length of in a range of 2 cm to 1 meter and a width in a range of 2 cm to 30 cm.
12. The anode electrode of claim 7 , wherein the conductive core comprises a wire.
13. A method of manufacturing an anode electrode that includes (i) a plurality of sheets of a conductive textile material, wherein each of the plurality of sheets includes a stem portion and a plurality of branch portions integrally coupled to the stem portion, and (ii) a conductive core, wherein the plurality of sheets are wound around the conductive core and the branch portions of the plurality of sheets extend away from the conductive core, the method comprising:
providing the plurality of sheets of the conductive textile material;
cutting each of the plurality of sheets to form the stem portion and the plurality of branch portions integrally connected to the stem portion for each of the plurality of sheets of the conductive textile material;
stacking the plurality of sheets together; and
winding the stack of the plurality of sheets around the conductive core, thereby producing the anode electrode.
14. The method of claim 13 , wherein the cutting of the plurality of sheets uses a textile stamp.
15. The method of claim 13 , wherein the stacking the plurality of sheets together comprises aligning the stem portions of each of the plurality of sheets.
16. The method of claim 13 , wherein the winding the stack of the plurality of sheets around the conductive core comprises winding the plurality of sheets such that each of the plurality of branch portions for each of the plurality of sheets extends away from the conductive core.
17. The method of claim 13 , wherein the conductive textile material comprises a woven carbon material, and wherein the conductive core comprises a wire.