Biomass clumping material and method
A process for making an animal litter from a woody biomass starting material is described, with the performance amendments substantially located entirely on the outside surface of the woody biomass particles. The process may include the steps of densifying the biomass starting material, crumbling the densified biomass material; screening the densified biomass material for size; optionally adding a zeolite containing a scent; spray coating the sized, densified biomass particles with a surface adhesion agent; and powder dosing the sized, densified biomass particles and zeolites with a performance amendment comprising equal parts bentonite and guar gum.
1. A process for making an animal litter comprising:
providing a woody biomass starting material;
densifying the woody biomass starting material to form a densified biomass material;
crumbling the densified biomass material;
screening the densified biomass material to select densified biomass material having a particle size of about US mesh 20 to about US mesh 8 and to form sized, densified biomass particles;
adding a zeolite containing a scent to the sized, densified biomass particles;
spray coating the sized, densified biomass particles and zeolite with a surface adhesion agent;
powder dosing the sized, densified biomass particles and zeolites with a performance amendment comprising equal parts bentonite and guar gum.
2. The process of claim 1 , wherein the animal litter comprises about 80 to about 90 percent by weight sized, densified biomass particles; about 3 to about 6 percent by weight surface adhesion agent; about 2 to about 5 percent by weight zeolite; about 3 to about 8 percent by weight bentonite; and about 3 to about 8 percent by weight guar gum.
3. The process of claim 1 , wherein the ratio of sized, densified biomass particles to the performance amendment is about 6 to 1 to about 15 to 1.
4. The process of claim 1 , wherein the woody biomass starting material has a bulk density of about 10 pounds per cubic foot to about 15 pounds per cubic foot.
5. The process of claim 1 , wherein the step of densifying the woody biomass starting material to form the densified biomass material comprises pelletizing the woody biomass starting material.
6. The process of claim 5 , wherein the sized, densified biomass particles have an associated bulk density of about 0.3 g/cc to about 0.5 g/cc.
7. The method of claim, 1 , wherein the step of providing a woody biomass starting material comprises providing a woody biomass starting material having a ratio of length to width of 3:1 or less.
8. A process for making an animal litter comprising:
selecting densified, crumbled, agglomerate biomass particles having a particle size of about US mesh 40 to about US mesh 4;
spray coating the densified biomass particles with an oil-based surface adhesion agent, the surface adhesion agent comprising about 2% to about 6% by weight of the animal litter, to form coated, densified biomass particles;
adding one or more performance amendments to the coated, densified biomass particles.
9. The process of claim 8 , wherein the step of adding one or more performance amendments comprises powder dosing the coated, densified biomass particles with one or more performance amendments.
10. The process of claim 9 , wherein the one or more performance amendments comprise at least one hard-curing performance amendment and at least one soft-curing performance amendment.
11. The process of claim 10 , wherein the one or more performance amendments comprise at least one of guar gum, bentonite, CMC, and pre-gel starch.
12. The process of claim 10 , wherein the one or more performance amendments comprises a mixture of about 3.5% guar gum and 3.5% bentonite to about 8% guar gum and 8% bentonite by weight.
13. The process of claim 12 , wherein the ratio of densified, crumbled, agglomerate biomass particles to the one or more performance amendments is about 6 to 1 to about 15 to 1.
14. The process of claim 10 , wherein the one or more performance amendments comprises a mixture of about 3% guar gum to about 8% guar gum by weight and 3% bentonite to about 8% bentonite by weight.
15. A method for delivering a fragrance in an animal litter over time, the method comprising:
selecting densified, crumbled, agglomerate biomass particles;
adding a zeolite containing the fragrance to the densified biomass particles to form a biomass particle-zeolite mixture;
spray coating the biomass particle-zeolite mixture with surface adhesion agent to form coated biomass particles;
powder dosing one or more performance amendments on the coated biomass particles.
16. The method of claim 15 , wherein the method further comprises exposing the animal litter to moisture, and wherein the moisture triggers release of the fragrance from the zeolite.
17. The method of claim 15 , wherein the step of spray coating the biomass particle-zeolite mixture with a surface adhesion agent to form coated biomass particles comprises spray coating only the densified biomass particles, and wherein the step of adding the zeolite containing the fragrance to the densified biomass particles to form the biomass particle-zeolite mixture is performed after the step of spray coating the densified biomass particles with the surface adhesion agent to form coated biomass particles.