Ultrasonic sensor having edge-based echo detection
Sensors may employ a constant false alarm rate (CFAR) screening process in combination with edge-based echo detection. In one illustrative embodiment, a sensor controller includes: a transmitter, a receiver, and a processing circuit coupled to the transmitter and to the receiver. The transmitter drives a piezoelectric element to generate acoustic bursts. The receiver senses a response of the piezoelectric element to echoes of each acoustic burst. The processing circuit is operable to apply echo-detection processing to the response by: determining a derivative signal from the response; and detecting an echo based at least in part on a peak in the derivative signal indicating a rising and/or falling edge in the response. Signaling to the electronic control unit may specify a time of flight associated with each edge.
1. A controller for a piezoelectric transducer, the controller comprising:
a transmitter to drive a piezoelectric element to generate acoustic bursts;
a receiver to sense a response of the piezoelectric element to echoes of each acoustic burst; and
a processing circuit coupled to the transmitter and to the receiver, the processing circuit operable to apply echo-detection processing to said response, said processing including:
determining a derivative signal from the response; and
detecting an echo by:
deriving an adaptive threshold from the response using a constant false alarm rate (CFAR) process,
comparing the response to the adaptive threshold to produce a comparator signal; and
detecting an edge in the comparator signal with a corresponding peak in the derivative signal indicating a falling edge in the response.
2. The controller of claim 1 , wherein the derivative signal is determined by:
forming a difference signal between the response signal and a delayed response signal;
taking an absolute value of the difference signal; and
applying a local filter to the absolute value of the difference signal.
3. The controller of claim 2 , wherein the derivative signal is further determined by:
applying a background filter to the absolute value of the difference signal; and
taking a ratio of an output from the local filter to an output of the background filter.
4. The controller of claim 1 , wherein said processing further includes: generating a pulse on an I/O line to signal a time of flight of the echo.
5. The controller of claim 1 , wherein said processing further includes: generating a data frame that includes, for each echo detected in response to an acoustic burst, a time of flight for a falling edge of that echo.
6. A controller for a piezoelectric transducer, the controller comprising:
a transmitter to drive a piezoelectric element to generate acoustic bursts;
a receiver to sense a response of the piezoelectric element to echoes of each acoustic burst; and
a processing circuit coupled to the transmitter and to the receiver, the processing circuit operable to apply echo-detection processing to said response, said processing including:
determining a derivative signal from the response; and
detecting echoes by:
deriving an adaptive threshold from the response using a constant false alarm rate (CFAR) process,
comparing the response to the adaptive threshold to produce a comparator signal; and
detecting edges in the comparator signal having corresponding peaks in the derivative signal that indicate edges in the response.
7. The controller of claim 6 , wherein said processing further includes signaling an electronic control unit to indicate one or more times of flight associated with each echo, the one or more times of flight each corresponding to one of said peaks in the derivative.
8. The controller of claim 7 , wherein said signaling indicates two times of flight associated with each echo, with a first time of flight corresponding to a rising edge peak and a second time of flight corresponding to a falling edge peak.
9. The controller of claim 7 , wherein said processing further includes:
measuring peak amplitude of each echo; and
adjusting the one or more times of flight associated with each echo based at least in part on the peak amplitude of that echo.
10. The controller of claim 9 , wherein said adjusting is based on a ratio between the peak amplitude of that echo and a peak in the derivative for an edge of that echo.
11. The controller of claim 7 , wherein the derivative signal is determined by:
forming a difference signal between the response signal and a delayed response signal;
taking an absolute value of the difference signal; and
applying a local filter to the absolute value of the difference signal.
12. The controller of claim 11 , wherein the derivative signal is further determined by:
applying a background filter to the absolute value of the difference signal; and
taking a ratio of an output from the local filter to an output of the background filter.
13. A method of operating a piezoelectric-based sensor, the method comprising:
driving a piezoelectric transducer to generate a burst of acoustic energy during an actuation interval;
during a measurement interval following the actuation interval, obtaining a response of the piezoelectric transducer; and
processing the response to sense echoes of the burst, said processing including:
determining a derivative signal from the response; and
detecting echoes by:
comparing the response to a constant false alarm rate (CFAR) threshold to produce a comparator signal; and
detecting edges in the comparator signal having corresponding peaks in the derivative signal indicating edges in the response.
14. The method of claim 13 , further comprising: signaling an electronic control unit to indicate a time of flight associated with each echo, the time of flight corresponding to a falling edge peak in the derivative.
15. The controller of claim 13 , further comprising: signaling an electronic control unit to indicate two times of flight associated with each echo, with a first time of flight corresponding to a rising edge peak and a second time of flight corresponding to a falling edge peak.