System and method for controlling metal oxide gel particle size
Metal oxide gel particles, may be prepared with a desired particle size, by preparing a low-temperature aqueous metal nitrate solution containing hexamethylene tetramine as a feed solution; and causing the feed solution to flow through a first tube and exit the first tube as a first stream at a first flow rate, so as to contact a high-temperature nonaqueous drive fluid. The drive fluid flows through a second tube at a second flow rate. Shear between the first stream and the drive fluid breaks the first stream into particles of the metal nitrate solution, and decomposition of hexamethylene tetramine converts metal nitrate solution particles into metal oxide gel particles. A metal oxide gel particle size is measured optically, using a sensor device directed at a flow of metal oxide gel particles within the stream of drive fluid. The sensor device measures transmission of light absorbed by either the metal oxide gel particles or the drive fluid, so that transmission of light through the drive fluid changes for a period of time as a metal oxide gel particle passes the optical sensor. If a measured particle size is not about equal to a desired particle size, the particle size may be corrected by adjusting a ratio of the first flow rate to a total flow rate, where the total flow rate is the sum of the first and second flow rates.
1. A system for producing metal oxide gel particles with a controlled particle size, comprising:
a system for forming metal oxide gel particles, comprising:
a drive fluid nozzle defining a flow path, the drive fluid nozzle being configured to carry a drive stream of a drive fluid at a first flow rate along the flow path;
a metal salt solution nozzle having an exit, the metal salt nozzle being configured to carry a first stream of a low-temperature aqueous metal salt solution containing hexamethylene tetramine into the flow path at a second flow rate; and
a heater configured to maintain a drive fluid temperature at a level sufficient to cause gelation of a metal salt in the metal salt solution by hexamethylene tetramine;
a system for controlling a mean size of the metal oxide gel particles positioned downstream of the system for forming metal oxide gel particles, comprising:
a sensor device, the sensor device including:
a first sensor and a second sensor, spaced from each other along the flow path by a first distance, the first and second sensors being configured to measure a volumetric flow rate and a mean size of the gel particles; and
a control system for adjusting the mean size of the metal oxide gel particles based on input from the sensor device.
2. The system of claim 1 , wherein the first sensor and the second sensor are spaced from each other along the flow path by the first distance, the first distance being less than a desired size of the metal oxide gel particles.
3. The system of claim 1 , wherein the system for controlling the mean size is configured to calculate the volumetric flow rate from a first transit time for a metal oxide gel particle to travel the first distance between the first and second sensors and a second transit time for a metal oxide gel particle to pass a single sensor.
4. The system of claim 1 , wherein the system for controlling the mean size is configured to calculate the mean size of the gel particles from a first transit time for a metal oxide gel particle to travel the first distance between the first and second sensors and a second transit time for a metal oxide gel particle to pass a single sensor.
5. The system of claim 3 , wherein the system for controlling the mean size is configured to adjust the mean size of the gel particles by adjusting a ratio of the first flow rate to a total flow rate, where the total flow rate is the sum of the first and second flow rates.