Affinity-oligonucleotide conjugates and uses thereof

1. A method of selecting a cell receptor, comprising

(a) contacting a plurality of affinity-oligonucleotide conjugate molecules to a plurality of cells;

(b) isolating a first single cell of the plurality of cells into a first vessel of a plurality of vessels and a second single cell of the plurality of cells into a second vessel of the plurality of vessels;

(c) attaching a first vessel barcoded polynucleotide or a complement thereof to

(i) an oligonucleotide portion of a first affinity-oligonucleotide conjugate molecule of the plurality of affinity-oligonucleotide conjugate molecules, and

(ii) a first polynucleotide from the first single cell within the first vessel;

(d) attaching a second vessel barcoded polynucleotide or complement thereof to

(i) an oligonucleotide portion of a second affinity-oligonucleotide conjugate molecule of the plurality of affinity-oligonucleotide conjugate molecules, and

(ii) a second polynucleotide from the second single cell within the second vessel;

(e) sequencing

(i) the oligonucleotide portion of the first affinity-oligonucleotide conjugate molecule or a complement thereof and the first polynucleotide or a complement thereof, thereby generating a first set of sequence information comprising first polynucleotide vessel barcode sequence reads and first oligonucleotide vessel barcode sequence reads, and

(ii) the oligonucleotide portion of the second affinity-oligonucleotide conjugate molecule or a complement thereof and the second polynucleotide or a complement thereof, thereby generating a second set of sequence information comprising second polynucleotide vessel barcode sequence reads and second oligonucleotide vessel barcode sequence reads;

(f) comparing a binding affinity of a first cell receptor encoded by the first polynucleotide and a binding affinity of a second cell receptor encoded by the second polynucleotide, wherein the binding affinity of the first cell receptor is determined based on the first set of sequence information, and wherein the binding affinity of the second cell receptor is determined based on the second set of sequence information; and

(g) selecting the first cell receptor based on the comparing, wherein the selected first cell receptor has a stronger binding affinity than the second cell receptor.

2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the first single cell is from a patient with a disease or condition, and/or wherein the second single cell is from a patient without the disease or condition.

3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the plurality of cells is a plurality of T cells and the cell receptor is a T cell receptor (TCR), or wherein the plurality of cells is a plurality of B cells and the cell receptor is a B cell receptor (BCR).

4. A method of selecting a B cell receptor (BCR), comprising

(a) contacting a plurality of affinity-oligonucleotide molecules to a plurality of cells, wherein the affinity-oligonucleotide molecules comprise a detection portion;

(b) obtaining an enriched B cell population based on detection of the detection portion;

(c) forming a plurality of vessels, wherein a vessel of the plurality of vessels comprises at least one affinity-oligonucleotide conjugate molecule and a single B cell of the enriched B cell population;

(d) attaching a vessel barcoded polynucleotide or complement thereof to

(i) an oligonucleotide portion of the affinity-oligonucleotide conjugate molecule within the vessel of the plurality of vessels, and

(ii) a BCR polynucleotide from the single B cell; and

(e) sequencing the oligonucleotide portion or a complement thereof and the BCR polynucleotide or a complement thereof, thereby generating sequence information, wherein the attaching of step (d) occurs within the vessel.

5. The method of claim 1 , wherein a vessel barcode sequence of the first vessel barcoded polynucleotide or complement thereof in the first vessel is different than a vessel barcode sequence of the second vessel barcoded polynucleotide or complement thereof in the second vessel of the plurality of vessels.

6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the method further comprises determining the number of affinity-oligonucleotide conjugate molecules bound to the first or the second single cell.

7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the oligonucleotide portion of the first or the second affinity-oligonucleotide conjugate molecule comprises a tetramer molecular barcode (TMB) or an affinity molecular barcode (AMB) sequence that is unique to a single affinity-oligonucleotide molecule.

8. The method of claim 1 , wherein an affinity portion of the first or second affinity-oligonucleotide conjugate molecule comprises a major histocompatibility complex (MHC) or an MHC-peptide tetramer (pMHC).

9. The method of claim 1 , wherein an affinity portion of the first or second affinity-oligonucleotide conjugate molecule binds to a T-cell receptor (TCR) of a single T cell, or a B-cell receptor (BCR) of a single B cell.

10. The method of claim 1 , wherein the oligonucleotide portion of the first or the second affinity-oligonucleotide conjugate molecule comprises a tetramer identification sequence (TID) or an antigen identification sequence (AID).

11. The method of claim 1 , wherein the method further comprises attaching a molecular barcode sequence of a molecular barcoded polynucleotide of a plurality of molecular barcoded polynucleotides to the first or second polynucleotide, wherein the molecular barcode sequence is barcoded to a single polynucleotide molecule and amplified products thereof.

12. The method of claim 1 , wherein the cell receptor is a T cell receptor (TCR), and wherein the method further comprises pairing native TCR chain sequences containing a variable region sequence.