System and method for neuromodulation
A method of treating a patient having a blood pressure comprises delivering neuromodulation therapy to sustain or increase the blood pressure. The neuromodulation therapy includes placing a sympathetic therapy electrode in a posterior portion of a blood vessel and stimulating at least one extravascular cardiac sympathetic nerve fiber using said electrode.
1. A neuromodulation system for treating a patient, comprising:
a therapy device adapted for positioning within a blood vessel;
a parasympathetic therapy element and a sympathetic therapy element, the therapy device including a distal portion configured to be expandable to an expanded position within the blood vessel, wherein in the expanded position the parasympathetic therapy element and the sympathetic therapy element are positioned in a zone that extends circumferentially from 120 degrees to 240 degrees measured from a mid-anterior point around the circumference of the therapy device; and
a stimulator having a control means with (a) a parasympathetic control function configured to (a) energize the parasympathetic therapy element within the zone in accordance with parasympathetic therapeutic levels selected to capture an efferent parasympathetic nerve fiber that influences heart rate and (b) a sympathetic control function configured to energize the sympathetic therapy element within the zone in accordance with sympathetic therapeutic levels selected to capture an efferent cardiac sympathetic nerve fiber that influences blood pressure, the parasympathetic therapeutic levels and sympathetic therapeutic levels selected to decrease the patient's heart rate and elevate or maintain the blood pressure of the patient during simultaneous operation of the parasympathetic control function and the sympathetic control function.
2. The system of claim 1 , wherein the control means is configured to, during operation of the parasympathetic and sympathetic control functions, control the parasympathetic and sympathetic stimulation in response to sensed heart rate and/or blood pressure of the patient.
3. The system of claim 2 , wherein the control means independently controls the parasympathetic and sympathetic stimulation.
4. The system of claim 1 , wherein the therapy device is proportioned such that the distal portion in the expanded position has a diameter proportioned to bias the sympathetic and parasympathetic elements in contact with a surrounding wall of the blood vessel.
5. The system of claim 4 , wherein the distal portion is expandable or biased to position the parasympathetic element against a postero-lateral wall of a superior vena cava and to position the sympathetic element against a postero-medial segment of the superior vena cava.
6. The system of claim 1 wherein the therapy device is a catheter.
7. The system of claim 1 , wherein the sympathetic and parasympathetic elements are electrodes.