Methods and compositions for hydrodeoxygenation of carbohydrates and carbohydrate analogs
This disclosure provides embodiments directed to compositions, methods, and processes to produce compounds having the structure: each of R1-R5 is selected from a hydroxyl group and hydrogen; and R1-R5 include at least one hydroxyl group and at least one hydrogen; and n=0-2. In particular, methods of the disclosure can include reacting a precursor, the precursor containing more oxygen (O) atoms than the compound, with a gas containing hydrogen (H 2 ) in the presence of a catalyst.
1. A method for the production of a compound, the method comprising: reacting a precursor, the precursor comprising a carbohydrate or a carbohydrate derivative containing a greater number of oxygen atoms than the compound, with a gas containing H 2 in the presence of a catalyst, at a pressure less than about 40 bar; the compound comprising:
wherein each of R1-R5 is selected from the group consisting of: a hydroxyl group and hydrogen; and wherein R1-R5 comprise at least one hydroxyl group and at least one hydrogen; and wherein n=0-2, and
wherein the catalyst comprises a support comprising CeO 2 and the support is impregnated with both Re and Pd.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the compound is selected from one at least one of:
3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the carbohydrate or carbohydrate derivative is selected from the group consisting of: an aldose, a ketose, a sugar alcohol, and a sugar acid.
4. The method of claim 1 , the precursor comprising:
wherein, each of R10-R14 is selected from the group consisting of: a hydroxyl group, a carbonyl group, and a hydrogen; and wherein, n=0-2.
5. The method of claim 4 , wherein each of R10-R14 is selected from the group consisting of: a hydroxyl group, and a hydrogen.
6. The method of claim 4 , wherein each of R10-R14 is a hydroxyl group.
7. The method of claim 1 , wherein reacting the precursor with a gas occurs at a reaction temperature between about 100° C. to about 240° C.
8. The method of claim 7 , wherein the reaction temperature is between about 120° C. to about 200° C.
9. The method of claim 7 , wherein the reaction temperature is between about 130° C. to about 180° C.
10. The method of claim 7 , wherein the reaction pressure is between about 4 bar and about 25 bar.
11. The method of claim 1 , wherein reacting the precursor with a gas occurs at a catalyst loading between about 1 wt % to about 25 wt %.
12. The method of claim 11 , wherein the catalyst loading is between about 2 wt % and about 6 wt %.
13. The method of claim 1 , wherein the catalyst is impregnated with less than 10 wt % Re and less than 10 wt % Pd.
14. The method of claim 1 , wherein the catalyst is impregnated with less than 5 wt % Re and less than 3 wt % Pd.
15. The method of claim 1 , wherein the gas containing H 2 is greater than 90 vol % H 2 .
16. A process for converting a carbohydrate or carbohydrate derivative to a compound, the process comprising:
adding the carbohydrate or carbohydrate derivative to a reactor containing a catalyst;
reacting the carbohydrate or carbohydrate derivative with a gas containing hydrogen at a reaction pressure and a reaction temperature over a reaction time; and
purifying a portion of the compound from a product stream,
wherein, the reaction pressure is less than 40 bar, the reaction temperature is between about 120° C. to about 200° C., and the reactor is designed for batch reaction, and
wherein the catalyst comprises a support comprising CeO 2 and the support is impregnated with both Re and Pd.
17. The method of claim 16 , wherein the reaction pressure is less than 15 bar and the reaction time is less than 10 hours.
18. The method of claim 16 , wherein the precursor is derived from a lignocellulose containing material.