Epitaxial source/drain structure and method
A method of semiconductor fabrication includes providing a semiconductor structure having a substrate and first, second, third, and fourth fins above the substrate. The method further includes forming an n-type epitaxial source/drain (S/D) feature on the first and second fins, forming a p-type epitaxial S/D feature on the third and fourth fins, and performing a selective etch process on the semiconductor structure to remove upper portions of the n-type epitaxial S/D feature and the p-type epitaxial S/D feature such that more is removed from the n-type epitaxial S/D feature than the p-type epitaxial S/D feature.
1. A method of semiconductor fabrication, comprising:
providing a semiconductor structure having:
a substrate; and
first, second, third, and fourth fins above the substrate;
forming an n-type epitaxial source/drain (S/D) feature on the first and second fins; and
forming a p-type epitaxial S/D feature on the third and fourth fins; and
performing a selective etch process on the semiconductor structure to remove upper portions of the n-type epitaxial S/D feature and the p-type epitaxial S/D feature such that more is removed from the n-type epitaxial S/D feature than the p-type epitaxial S/D feature.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the selective etch process includes a plurality of cycles, wherein each cycle comprises:
performing a first dry etch process on the semiconductor structure using a first etchant gas;
performing a second dry etch process on the semiconductor structure using a second etchant gas different from the first etchant gas; and
performing a wet clean process to remove a polymer layer that has been formed in the first dry etch process.
3. The method of claim 2 , wherein the first etchant gas is a gas mixture that includes fluoromethane (CH 3 F), hydrogen (H 2 ), and carbonyl sulfide (COS), wherein the gas mixture reacts with silicon germanium in the p-type epitaxial S/D feature in the first dry etch process, thereby forming the polymer layer that includes silicon sulfide.
4. The method of claim 3 , wherein the first dry etch process removes a first thickness of the n-type epitaxial S/D feature, wherein the first dry etch process removes a second thickness of the p-type epitaxial S/D feature that is less than the first thickness due to presence of the polymer layer on the p-type epitaxial S/D feature, and wherein the first dry etch process also forms carbon fluoride (C x F y ) as a byproduct on both the n-type epitaxial S/D feature and the p-type epitaxial S/D feature.
5. The method of claim 4 , wherein the second etchant gas includes diazene (N 2 H 2 ) configured to remove the carbon fluoride formed in the first dry etch process.
6. The method of claim 3 , wherein the wet clean process removes, from the p-type epitaxial S/D feature, silicon sulfide that has been formed in the first dry etch process of each cycle.
7. The method of claim 2 , wherein the plurality of cycles of the selective etch process are conducted at temperatures between 20-60 degrees Celsius and pressures between 10-30 millitorr.
8. The method of claim 2 , wherein, during each cycle of the selective etch process, a first thickness of the n-type epitaxial S/D feature is at least 1 nm thicker than a second thickness of the p-type epitaxial S/D feature.
9. The method of claim 1 , wherein the removed portion of the n-type epitaxial S/D feature is between about 1.5 to about 2.5 times in thickness of the removed portion of the p-type epitaxial S/D feature.
10. The method of claim 1 , wherein the n-type epitaxial S/D feature is formed to include silicon doped with phosphorous but does not include silicon germanium, and wherein the p-type epitaxial S/D feature is formed to include silicon germanium.
11. A method, comprising:
providing a semiconductor structure having a substrate and first and second fins above the substrate;
removing upper portions of the first and second fins while keeping lower portions of the first and second fins;
growing first and second epitaxial source/drain (S/D) features on the lower portions of the first and second fins such that the first and second epitaxial S/D features merge, thereby forming a merged S/D feature with a controllable merge height, wherein the merged S/D feature includes:
a first layer of semiconductor material (L 1 ) grown on the lower portions of the first and second fins;
a second layer of semiconductor material (L 2 - 1 ) grown on the L 1 ; and
a third layer of semiconductor material (L 2 - 2 ) grown on the L 2 - 1 , wherein the L 2 - 2 has a substantially conformal thickness over the first and second fins;
after forming the merged S/D feature, etching the merged S/D feature to thereby form a recessed trench in the merged S/D feature; and
filling into the recessed trench an S/D contact that is in electrical contact with the merged S/D feature.
12. The method of claim 11 , wherein a height of the remaining lower portions of the first and second fins is between about 30% and about 40% of a height of the first and second fins.
13. The method of claim 11 , wherein the L 1 on the first fin and the L 1 on the second fin do not merge, wherein the L 2 - 1 on the first fin and the L 2 - 1 on the second fin merge at the controllable merge height.
14. The method of claim 13 , wherein the controllable merge height is dependent on a ratio between silane (SiH 4 ) and dichlorosilane (DCS) gases which are used to form the L 2 - 1 .
15. The method of claim 14 , wherein the controllable MH is at a position equal to or higher than about 55% of the height of the first and second fins.
16. The method of claim 11 , wherein forming the recessed trench comprises:
etching the merged S/D feature to form an intermediate trench;
depositing a silicon nitride spacer feature in and over the intermediate trench;
removing a bottom portion of the silicon nitride spacer feature using anisotropic etching while keeping sidewall portions of the silicon nitride spacer feature; and
further etching the merged S/D feature in the intermediate trench, thereby forming the recessed trench.
17. A method, comprising:
forming first, second, third, and fourth fins protruding from a substrate;
forming an n-type epitaxial source/drain (S/D) feature on the first and second fins; and
forming a first S/D contact on the n-type epitaxial S/D feature;
forming a p-type epitaxial S/D feature on the third and fourth fins;
forming a second S/D contact on the p-type epitaxial S/D feature; and
prior to forming the first and second S/D contacts, performing a selective etch process on the n-type and p-type epitaxial source/drain features to remove upper portions of the n-type epitaxial S/D feature and the p-type epitaxial S/D feature such that more is removed from the n-type epitaxial S/D feature than the p-type epitaxial S/D feature,
wherein a bottom surface of the first S/D contact is lower than a bottom surface of the second S/D contact.
18. The method of claim 17 , wherein the n-type epitaxial S/D feature includes silicon doped with phosphorous but does not include silicon germanium, and wherein the p-type epitaxial S/D feature includes silicon germanium.
19. The method of claim 17 , wherein the selective etch process includes:
performing a first dry etch process using a first etchant gas; and
performing a second dry etch process using a second etchant gas different from the first etchant gas.
20. The method of claim 19 , wherein the performing of the first dry etch process forms a polymer layer on the p-type epitaxial S/D feature.